Correlation of maternal body mass index with umbilical artery Doppler in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and associated outcomes

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the correlation between Umbilical Artery (UA) Doppler and its feasibility across categories of maternal BMI in the presence of foetal growth restriction (FGR).

Methods 1074 Singleton pregnancies with suspected FGR on ultrasound examination between 24+0 and 36+0 weeks' gestation were reviewed. Evaluation of the UA Doppler was performed at 1‐2 weekly intervals. Abnormal UA Doppler findings and delivery outcomes were compared between the different maternal BMI categories.

Results Increased UA pulsatility index (PI > 95th centile) was reported in 81% of obese category 2 patients (BMI <35 ‐ 39.9 kg/m2) compared to a 46% incidence in the remaining categories, normal (BMI <24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI <25 ‐ 29.9 kg/) and obese class 1 (BMI <35 ‐ 39.9 kg/m2) (p = 0.001). In absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF/REDF) we found an increasing incidence across the BMI categories (4%‐25%) (p<0.0001). Higher maternal BMI was associated with Lower birthweights and higher C‐section rates. Increasing maternal BMI did not affect successful assessment of UA Doppler.

Conclusion There is a positive correlation between increasing maternal BMI and abnormal UA Doppler findings in FGR. Maternal BMI may be considered as an additional risk factor when evaluating UA Doppler for placental insufficiency.