Abstract:
This study investigates the technical feasibility of MWCNTs for acetaminophen (Ace) removal
from synthetic wastewater in batch mode. To improve their removal performance, the surface of
the MWCNTs was chemically modified with NaOH, HNO3/H2SO4, ozone and/or chitosan. The
effects of pertinent parameters such as reaction time, dose, pH, and agitation speed on the Ace
removal were evaluated. Their removal performance on Ace was compared to those of previous
studies. The adsorption mechanisms of Ace removal by the MWCNTs are also presented. It is
evident from this study that after chemical modification on its surface, the treated nano-adsorbent
significantly enhanced Ace removal from wastewater. Among all types of those adsorbents, the
ozone-treated MWCNT stands out for the highest Ace removal (95%) under the same initial Ace
concentration of 10 mg/L. Their adsorption capacities, applicable to the Freundlich isotherm
model, are listed as: ozone-treated MWCNT (250 mg/g) > chitosan-coated MWCNT (205 mg/g) >
acid-treated MWCNT (160 mg/g) > NaOH-treated MWCNT (130 mg/g) > as-received MWCNT
(90 mg/g). Although the ozone-treated MWCNT has the most outstanding performance in Ace
removal, its treated effluent still could not meet the required effluent limit of less than 0.2 mg/L
set by China’s legislation. This suggests that further treatment using biological processes needs to
be carried out to complement Ace removal from the wastewater samples.