THE 
Magazin^ Magazines 
A curious Case, ^ ^^ ^ ^entirely 
coffer s^tt^r ^ tl ^^ttl^.s, 
^^ ^ ^ ^ ^tIip Brown, physician, 
es ^ who lives at present in my 
^ ^ ^ house at Barnard castle, 
where he underwent the 
electrical experiments, was 
in the month of January 1750, Seized 
with a nervous Sever and asthma, and 
narrowly escaped a palsey in his tongue 
he had Scarce well recovered this, 
when, in the month of August, after 
being wet under a shower, he was at-
tacked with a very rapid pleurisy, 
which, in a few days, was succeeded 
by a nervous fever and asthma, attend-
ed with a very numerous train of the 
most dreadful Symptoms : so that for a 
fortnight it was difficult to fay whether 
he was dead or alive. No sooner had 
he recovered a little, So as to he able 
to fit up in bed, than be was Seized 
with a pally in his lest arm, which de-
prived him as all motion and sensation 
in it; the asthma still continued Severe, 
and prevented bis gaining strength. 
To these complaints was added in a 
Sew weeks an hypodropical Swelling of 
bis belly ; the asthma redoubled its at-
tacks, seized him twice or thrice a day, 
and at last put on an epileptic appearance, and, in one of these fits, in the 
month of October 1750 be lost entire-
Vol. IV 
ly the use of his tongue. Many were. 
the attempts to remove his unhappy 
disorder, but all in vain. In February 
1751, I went with him to Edinburgh, 
where further trial was made, but to no 
purpose Dr. John Rutherford, profes-
sor of medicine there, desired that the 
Elictrical Machine might be tried 1 which 
was done, but (notwithstanding the 
slightness of the shocks he received) he 
Sound himself considerably the worse 
For it : this probably might have pro-
ceeded From bis great weakness, or he 
bad not been able to Stand For near ^ 
months, and indeed he grew weaker 
daily. We return'^ to the country in 
the month of April, and he recovered 
Strength considerably that summer; but 
there was not the least alteration in his 
Speech : he was often troubled with 
the asthma last winter: and has had se-
veral attacks of it this summer, attend-
ed with other nervous Symptoms. A-
bout two months ago I got an electrical machine, that he might have a fur-
ther trial of it ; and for these fix weeks 
past be has received 50, 60, and some-
times 100 pretty strong shocks twice 
every day : he sound this cheat his Spi-
rits considerably, and give him a kind 
us briskness be was unacquainted with 
.N fur 
For years before. About ten days ago, 
I desired he would receive the shock 
upon his tongue, which he did, tho 
very gently the first day ; on the Second 
day he received about 8o strong shocks; 
this made him Salivate a Full pint in a 
few minutes, and caused a glowing heat 
in his tongue, with a Sulphurous taste, 
and he had a greater motion of it than 
usual. Two days after I electrised his 
tongue twice, and gave him zoo shocks 
each time : they were So strong, that 
be had almost fallen down with the vio-
lence ; but every shock gave him more 
freedom in the motion of his tongue, 
which made him bear them with great-
er cheerfulness. He Salivated greatly, 
discharged a vast quantity form his nose, 
his eyes turned very but, were much in-
flamed, and the Sulphurous taste was 
very stung in his mouth. He now made 
as great efforts as possible to Speak, but 
^ould express nothing further than O, 
^d. I examined more particularly into 
his manner of articulation, and found 
he had forgot how to place bis tongue 
in order to express any letter or word. 
I then desired him to look carefully at 
me, while I repeated the alphabet, and 
^ave him directions for the placing of 
his tongue to every letter, and in about 
three hours he attain'd to a pretty di-
stinct pronunciation of the alphabet. 
though he could pronounce some letters 
better than others, G, H, and X 
were very difficult: he came next to fy-
lobles, then short words, and Upon elec-
trizing his tongue a few times more, 
Could Speak any word, Sentence, or dis-
course, with the help of his finger to 
make his tongue touch the palate of b^ 
mouth. The more he Spoke. be per-
cteived his tongue grow stronger ; and in 
a sew hours more could Speak as well 
and distinctly as ever. He has tlowla 
cheerfulness and vivacity much greater 
than usual, and can endure the fatigue 
of walking, or any other exercise, bet-
ter than he could at any time since be 
. was first taken ilk That this cute Was 
entirely owing to electricity, may be 
certainly depended Upon, as he has used 
no medicine for a long time, tho' bis 
health hat been but very bad of 
late. 
From the success of electricity in this 
case, as well as in another analogous 
one, which happened about a year ago 
in the royal infirmary at Edinburgh, I 
doubt not but, upon further trial and 
repeated experiments, it may he of ve-
ry great advantage to medicine. IS 
any thing further, (deserving notice) 
happen from the use of this machine, 
which l shall carefully try, the publick 
Shall hear from 
Patrick Dickson 
1 
August 27, 1752-
Account of the Weather continued 
BAROMETER. 
Highest 30y^. Lowest 29-^ 
Greatest variation in one day 
Common Station about 3o. 
THERMOMETER. 
Highest deg 10th at night, Wind 
Lowest 6o l 6th, high wind at W. 
Greatest variation in one day 4 degrees. 
Common station o3. 
The end of the last month was iti-
clin'd to be wet, windy and dark. This 
began fait, cloudy, and warm : about 
the middle it became fair, and clear, 
with some intervening shelters, and So 
Continued to the 25th. The wind sons 
variable, seldom continuing more thai 
two days in the fame quarter, but ke^t 
generally S. W. The e^uickfilver in the 
Barometer was unusually steady, and 
often hept high, with the wind at S.^ 
In the Thermometer, except on t^e 
or two days, its motion was confin'd, 
the season of the year considered, within 
very narrow limits t the air having Sel* 
dom been hot, or othervrisethan warm. 
and often moist. 
The Small pox which was slowly de-
creasing, last month, has continued 
thro^ the course of this, to grow 
frequent, and the bills were less by ^ 
last week, than at the conclusion of the 
last month. 
Fewer forera have seldom bee^ 
known at this season ; which mas^ 
A G t! 8 T, 17^. 
said in general to be very healthy ;—— 
Hypocondriack complaints are fre-
quent ; hemorrhages Srom various 
parts, theHemoptic especially are not 
uncommon ; and Such other complaints 
as arise Srom great laxity oS the Solids, 
and consequent increase of viscidity in 
the fluids. 
Remarks on the Story of the Man in the 
Iron Mash. 
GENT LEMEN, 
| Have read in the Lenden Magazine 
| Sot April last, the extract from M. 
Vha.'re relating to the man wiib the iron 
niaise, who, he lays, was sent prisoner to 
the island of St. Margaret, some month 
aSter the death of cardinal Mazarine in 
i66i, was about 3o years astetwards 
removed to the Bastile at Paris, died 
there in 17o4. and was buried in the 
night time in St. Paul's church yard ; l 
have likewise perused the letter from 
your correspondent, Y. D. in your own 
Magazine fur June last, wherein, from 
Same author, whom he does not name, 
he tells us. that this extraordinary pri-
soner was the Duke of 1 ermandeis, a 
natural son of Lewis KlV. that he was 
trtimraitted for an insult upon the person 
of the Dauphin, the only lawful son of 
that prince, and in flat contradiction to 
1 liaire, hat prolonged his life and con-
dement till after the death of the 
Trench king bimfelf, which happened 
net till 1 7 1 5. I should have been ve-
ry glad if M. Voltaire, or any body 
could have given us an authentic 
relation who this unhappy person was, 
and oSthe nature of the crime he stood 
charged with, but must Conseis my Self 
tt^ be no wise Satisfied with this which 
vcou have received from your corref-
^ That your common readers m ay 
he enabled, with the more eaSe and ac-
Curacy, to compare and examine these 
t^o different accounts, of this very co-
rpus piece of secrer history, I here Sand 
^u the following cheonological dates 
the tr^th and ^cr painty us 
which I believe you may entirely de^ 
pend on. The Pyrenean treaty, nego-
ciated by Cardinal Mazarine, and don 
Let tits de Haro, was signed the 17th of 
November 1659; Lewis KlV. married 
the Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain, on 
the 9tla of June 166o; Cardinal Maza-
rine died the 9th of March 1661; Lewir 
the Dauphin was born on the 1st of 
November 1661 ; Lewis of Boitrhon, duke 
ofVermandeis, the French king's natural 
so n, by Leuisa Francoisc de /a Va/iere 
dutohess os Vanjour, was born the 2d 
ofOctober 1667, was legitimated the 
2oth of February l 669, and afterwards 
made great admiral of France ; the 
Dauphin married Mania Anna Christia-
na Victoria, daughter of Ferdinand Ma-
rin, Elector of Bavaria on the 8th of 
Mancb i68o; their first son Lewis Duke 
os Burgundy, was born on the 6th of Au-
gust 1682; their fecond son Philip Duke 
of Anfou, on the 19th of December 168^; 
the Duke of Vermandeis served in the 
Frencb army, commanded by marshalI 
e^Humieres, at the siege of Courtray, in 
Flanders, in the year 16^3 ; that town 
surrendered to the French on the 6th of 
November of that year ; and the Duke 
ofFermandois died the t 8th of the Same 
month. I find no mention of the 
plague being in the French army at 
that time ; the Dauphin died on the 
1 4th of April 1711, and t he French king 
on the 1st of September i 7 l 5. From the 
foregoing dates, it plainly appears, that 
the Dauphin was bom 6 years before 
the Duke of Fermandeis, that when the 
Dauphin married, that Duke was a 
child of but between 12 and 13 years 
of age, that when the Duke died (or 
disappeared, if you like it better) he was 
but 16 years old, at which time the 
Dauphin had one fon born, and his 
consort just ready to be deliver ld of a 
second, all this made it in the highest 
degree improbable, that the Duke of 
Fermandois, a meer boy, should offer So 
horrible an affront to the Dauphin as 
to strike him, who was then a father 
and master of a Separate court and fa-
mily. Whoever this mask'd person in 
the Bastile was^ he sects' to hate been 
^ altogether 
^ ^ A G A ^ I ^ ^^IAGA^l^ES, 
altogether invisible, and unknown, even 
to his fellow prisoners thetnselves ; for 
sa Fontaine and de Renevide, who were 
both priSoners there for Several years, 
within the same Space of time that he 
was, have each of them published large 
accounts of their imprisonment, which 
have been translated into English, where-
in they Speak very copiously of the 
lives, characters, and adventures of 
thofe unfortunate persons chat were 
then there in custody, and particularly 
Reuevi/He Says a great deal of one Doc-
tor Broornsttll, an English quaker, with 
•whom I myfelfin mv youth had some 
slight acquaintance, but neither of them 
mention one tittle of our incognito. 
Upon the whole, I am afraid this 
story of the Duke of Verm indis is enisle 
apocryphal, and that as to the anecdote 
itSelf, we must he content to take it as 
M. Vthaire has given it, who perhapr 
has told us as much as any one now 
lest living knows of the matter. 
I am Yours. &c, E. F A. 
^ Having me tioned M. Vdiat're and 
bis book, l could hardly forbear saying 
Something on the prailes b. stowed by 
Iiim and Lord BInbroke, on L wis 
KlV. but will not trouble you Surther 
at present, 
.. Letter 11. on amending the Liturgy, 
To the Honourable, &c. &c, 
S I R, ^ LEttER II. 
'^N my former letter', which yon 
Jk was pleased to accept withyouru-
sual candour, I offered to your conside-
ration Soine amendments in these preli-
minary rules and directions which the 
church of Engbsnd hath prefixed to her 
book of Common Prayet, &c. I shall 
now carry on my Ceitsque through her 
daily offices oS morning and evening 
prayer. 
And here without amusing you with 
vague proposition's oS reformation, 
svhich rarely can Serve any gond pur-
pose and may be made to minister to 
very bad ones, I shall take no notice of 
^sny improvement of which they ate Ca-
^ Vol. IV. p. i. - " 
pable of without suggesting a manner 
of making it : nor perhaps always the 
best ; but Such as occurred to me, and 
appeared Sree from exception. 
Our publick offices are calculated ra-
therfor the uSe of cathedrals and colle-. 
ges, than parochial churches ; and their 
present method was doubtless fallen into, 
to avoid departing too far from the 
form of the Roman offices, which are 
exceeding faulty in this respect. They 
prescribe a muhilude of canonical hours 
in the different forms of matins, hind, 
mast, vespers, and compline ; which are 
practicable only in cathedrals, convents, 
and other collegiate bodies ; and not e-
ven there, as I have been informed, 
without breaking in upon the distincti-
on by passing directly from one office 
to another. As this provision of distinct 
offices for different morning hOurs is a-
mongst us but little attended to, even in 
colleges; one uniform compleat otfice 
of morning prayer for Sundays and holy 
days is much wanted, for collegiate 
churches that willuot, and for parochi-
al churches that cannot use different 
hours. And this might be pretty well 
provided by dropping sundry repetitions, 
which are not easy to be avoided in the 
present method. The omissions are 
but sew, and as follow.— l st, The lord's 
prayer as it follows the absolution in 
belli morning and evening Service t la 
this place it appears to me to break the 
course of our devotions, which are paS-
sing on Srom confession to thankigiving: 
and the petitionary and intercestory devo-
tions, which commence after the creed 
would with great propriety continue tu 
be opened with this divine Summary. 
TheSe omissions of the lord's pravet, 
with Some others in those occasional of-
fices, which arc always to be uSed with 
the daily Service, l mean those oS pu^ 
tick bespiism, Sor churching women, and 
combination, would render the repetiti-
on of it 'lefs frequent, and perhaps 
Caufe it to he nfed with more attention 
and devotion ': and they are the less 
ceptionable, because it appears chtt 
this prayer was given originally as s 
form of private devotion, not of pn^ 
A tl G tl 8 T, 17^^. lt^l 
He. When the litany is appointed to 
he read, it might he introduced after 
the two first Suffrages, following the 
creed ; and the three collects novt pre-
ceding the litany, might be inserted af-
ter the collect, We bombly beseech thee, 
&c. at the end of it. zesty, The Niceue 
Creed next the holy Scriptures l esteem 
to be the most venerable piece extant; 
and therefore could wish to see it used 
in the daily office, of morning prayer 
instead of the apestles ; only omitting 
the ufe oS it in this place, on Sundays 
and ho/idieys, that it might follow the 
GuSpel in the communion Service.—— 
3d, If moreover, the benediction, that 
is at the end oS the comnrr'neition o^ce 
was on Sundays and holidays to beufed 
instead of the prayer oS St. Cahryjcstom, 
^c. immediately after the general 
thankSgiving, a Sort oS cloSe Sor the 
meaning office would be Sormed: and 
a pauae Sor an introit or a psalm, while 
the cleray go up to the altar. Then 
v.'ould succeed a Series of petitions dif-
ferent from all that went before ; 
wherein forgiveness is asked for the 
tranfgreslion or omission of the several 
duties prescribed in the ten command-
ments, and grace to enable us to walk 
more warily for the future ; which are 
fallowed with intercessions for our prince, 
according to St. Fauls express directi-
on, entirely different in substance from 
any made before, or to follow ; as a 
critical comparer may easily discern— 
As the profession offaith, or creed natu-
rally follows and closes the readings 
stum theO. and N. Testament, whence 
it is derived and on which it is founded, 
she Nicene creed on theSe days would 
most properly Sollow the gospel ; and 
with it, or the Athenastan in the room 
of it on certain days, Said or Sung by 
the whole congregation with a loud 
voice on high, to show that they are not 
ashamed to confess Christ before men, 
the whole service should clofe and the 
people be difmiffed with the blessings 
ham the altar ; or, if there be a sermon 
stum the pulpit or throne. 
Ihut, Sit, l have taken upon me to 
Plan out an entire and uniform office of 
morning prayer for Sundays and holi-
days. And I presume it is no dispa-
ragement to our present form that 
the thing is to be compassed by fo few 
and flight omissions. — I should now 
mention to you a few other particulars 
capable of some improvement.— The 
eight first verses of the Benedi^us form 
a most devout hymn, proper to succeed 
constantly a lesson from the goSpels or 
acts of the apostles, without excepting 
St. sohsi Baptist's day, or any other day 
on which a portion of the first of St. 
Luke is to be read: only in this cafe it 
woulst be requisite to read some other 
part of the Baptist's history for the gof-
pel on the 24th of June, and to divide 
the i st of St Luke into two equal por-
tions for lessons, leaving out the hymn 
at the end ; che latter part of this hymn, 
being personal to the Baptist, I have for 
that reason proposed to be omitted. 
The juhihite would very properly fol-
low a first lesson in the afternoon, when 
it was not otherwise read, much mote 
properly than the magnisaat in my o-
pinion, which has little connection with 
a lesson from cheO. Testament. The 
magnificat and nunc dirailtis, when they 
follow a readingfrom che N. Testament, 
are| in the mouths of every devout 
christian, humble and thankful acknow-
ledgements for the redemption by Christ 
of whose salvation, tho' not of bis per-
son, they had Seen Something in the pre-
ceding lesson t lessons however from the 
Gospele or Acts lead most directly to the 
spirit of these devout canticles. As 
thefe Hymns aroSe Srom special circum-
stances of particular persons, and are 
worded with a view to them, they are 
the less apt Sor general ufe, and always 
require a Substitution oS our own per-
Sons, and a Special view to the mercies 
in the redemption by Christ, the lxviitb 
PSalm is a devout prayer Sor the en-
largement oS Christ's church, and must 
thereSore bealways proper, in the mouth 
of every christian, that esteems it a 
blessing to be call'd to the knowledge 
of Gnd's grace, and to faith in Christ. 
The next improvement I shall offeio 
reSpecla some particular collects, they 
are 
are in general admirable Sor their gravi-
ty and most devout simplicity of style : 
bus there is a jingle upon the word light 
in dhe collect for St. John the evangelist 
Somewhat offensive to a delicate ear ; 
and I think renders the driSt of it lessin-
teIli giblc, than other words oS the Same 
meaning would do. 
There Seems to have been Sonte dif-
ficulty in providing a sufficient number 
of distinct collects for the several Sundays 
as tire year : whence perhaps it is that 
there: are several to the Same purpose, 
only conceived in different words. 1 
have Subjoined a table of Several oS 
them ; 
Est, The stfth Sunday after Epiphany, 
Sexei^estima, and thesecond in Lent 
. 2d, The third and fourth aster Epic 
f hany, and the third Sundry aster Trinity. 
3d, the Sfih Sunday after /taster, and 
ainth Sunday aster Trinity. 
4th, Septuage^mn Sundry, andfourth 
Sundry in Lent. 
At the end of the communion ser-
vice are several single collects, out of 
which some might be selected to replace 
as many of the duplicates, sor others less 
happily expressed. Such as follow, 
The fecond of the single collets might 
replace that of the filth Sundry in Lent. 
The ^th, that of the l 7th Sundry aster 
Trinity. 
The 1st, that ofthe lothSund. astt. Tr. 
The 5tli, that of the 3d Sund asp. Tr. 
The collect ser the sfth Sundry after 
Easter would he more ae^tranta^nstr pie-
ced on the fourth ; heing sounded on the 
epistle ser that aby. 
As some new collects wouldbe want-
ed to Supply the omission of Some of 
the above mentioned, and to improve 
others, which.are generally petitions for 
grace, they might be provided by in-
traducing a number of fpecial collects 
for the chief christian graces upon the 
model of that for ^uinquagestma Sundry 
which is exquisite in its kind ; Such as 
humility, meekness, peaceablenefi, content-
ment, &c.—and particularly for the en-
largement of Christ's church ; for 
which as I remember, there is no ex-
press collect ; except the third for Good-
Friday : which, or another of the same 
import, might perhaps be fix'd with 
great advantage and propriety for the 
4th Sundry in Advent or the 2d in Lent, 
because tnere is nothing fpecial in she 
subjects of its collect and epistle. The 
Isalms, Lssarts, Epistle, and Goseel, cor-
respondent to such a collect should be 
taken from Scriptures, which set forth 
trie universality and extent of Christ's 
kingdom, or the calling of the Gentiles, 
or the universality of the redemption, 
&c. such as, 
Isalrns z. 72. 1 10. 132, &c. 
I Leston, Isaiah xi. or xxxv. or xlii . 
or xlix. 
2. Lessia, ikfritt. xxviii.—Ephestans iv, 
There is fucii a true spirit of piety in 
the expressions and substance oS the col-
lects for the following festivals, that l 
could wish they were to be ufed with 
the collect of the day thro' the follow-
ing days of the week—.St. Matthias, 
Philip and James, John the Baptist, Pe-
ter, James, Simon and Jnde, All Saint, 
St. Tbomns ; the collect for St, Peter 
would be improved by inferting the 
word suit/sully before the word diligent-
ly with a connecting particle. 
But, upon the whole, I think it would 
be yet hettet, and more conformable to 
the practice of the latin church, if the 
collects of all festivals where ufed con-
stantly thro' their octaves with the col-
lect ofthe clay ; as they are all fpecial 
in their matter, and well composed. 
The only further improvement on 
this head is to adjust the collects in such 
a manner to the epistle and gofpel, that 
they may appear to rise out of thufe 
Scriptures; which might easily be com-
passed in those instances, where this 
connection is wanted. 
I have purposely referved this last 
article for the Creed, which is common-
ly called Athanastus's, not from its author 
but the agreement of its doctrine with 
what that famous Alhanastus asserted on 
thefe points. The Greeks having be 
wildeed and perplexed themSelveS with 
their subtleties on thefe heads, and held 
many ineffectual councils to compose 
the differences, which their own fertile 
imaginations 
A 11 G H 8 T, 17^, 
sat aginations, and over curious Specu-
lations, had raised ; an unknown West-
ern Divine. aoparently later than the 
reign of Jestininn the great, compoSed 
this Creed as a guard against the vari-
ous mistaken assertions of Some of the 
empirical refiners on revelation. This 
being the cafe it is evident that Some 
parts oS this creed cannot be understood 
without an insight into the controver-
sies they refer to, and Such an acquain-
tance vith the Subtleties oS the Greeks 
on thete higls points as the learned on-
ly can pretend to, and the unlearned 
do not want. Hence it should Seem that 
this Creed is less adapted to the use of 
popular and mix'd congregations ; and 
this might be one reason why the com-
pilers oS our liturgy limited the ufe oS 
it to certain days; departing herein from 
the Roman offices, which direct its use 
on most of the Suneheys in the year. 
Tho* I esteem the Subscription to the 
doctrine oS this Creed, in the present 
state of things amongst us, a necessary 
test oSthe clergy's sentiments, and or-
thodoxy in these points ; vet I can See 
no inconvenience in limitting its uSe to 
learned bodies, as Cathedrals, and cal-
lages in and out oS the universities, to 
Crtnsecratr'ons- of Bishops, Ordinations and 
Visitations continuing its use in parochial 
churches on Trinity .Sunday and then on-
ly. The damnatory clauses moreover, 
as thev are called, being no part of the 
Substance oS the Creed, might be always 
omitted : which would reconcile many 
to its uSe in the liturgy as it now Stands, 
who have no objections to its dectrine. 
Yours, &c. A. B. 
To the Proprietors of the MAC AZ IN E of 
MAGAZINES. 
SaENTLE 14 EN, 
^niong the great Number of curious Par-
ticuhars and improvements you have o-
h/rged the Puhiic with, I have often 
'rendered you have never given any 
Thing on the Nature of dying. an Art 
of the greatest henesit to this Kinndrm, 
tho* the Theory on which it depend, has 
^ecn too much neglected and consequent-
ly improvements in this henestcial Arf 
greatly retarded. I have thereseresent 
yeia the solle-wing Experiments, relating 
to the Theory of Dying, and wish they 
mety e^-citey^ur ingenious Correstonderrts 
to make others^ of this Nature, and com-
municate the Result to the Public, thro' 
the Channel^ your Migazine. 
Yours, &c. I. D. 
'|"N order to improve the Several arts 
^ that depend upon the use oS colours, 
etyes, and Stains, we shall endeavour to 
discover the means os producing, vary-
ing, changing, and destroying the co-
lours of" bodies, by experiments on Se-
lected Subjects of the vegetable, animal, 
and mineral kingdoms ; so as to Search 
into tire physical causes of the effects 
produced. 
Sir Isaac Newtou, in his doctrine cf 
light and colours, Das proved (i.) that 
the fun's light is not a simple thing, 
but compounded of Seven different or-
ders of coloured rays ; all which, bein-r 
exquisitely blended together, constitute 
a perfectly white light : (2) That these 
seven orders of rays are differently re-
frangible ; that is, differently disposed 
to be refracted, in passing Srom one 
transparent body into another ; the red 
rays least ; Second the orange ; third, 
the yellow; fourth, (he green ; fifth, 
the blue; sixth, violet; and Seventh, 
indigo ; which is the physical reason of 
the division of light into thcSe Seven or-
ders of rays ; and that there are there-
Sore no more than Seven original co-
lours oS light. (3.) That bodies appear 
of the same colour with the order oS 
rays they reflect, or turn back into the 
Same medium from whence they were 
received t (4.) That white and black are 
no true colours ; white being an ee^ual 
reflection of all the original colours, and 
• black the absorption of them all : (5.^ 
That the variety of colours in natural 
bodies proceeds ftom their differently 
reflecting or refracting the rays of one, 
two, or several orders more than the 
rest. Thusthofe denominated red bo-
dies chiefly reflect the red order of rays; 
those denominated blue bodies chiefly 
reflect the blue rays of li^ht, ares are 
her.^.e 
^4 ^ MAGA^E ^ MAGARl^E8 
hence said to be red, blue &c. And all lours prove brightest, or struck to She 
the mixed colours of natural bodies pro- best advantage, whenthe air is clear. 
ceed from their reflecting two or more Lastly, the blue essential oifof chamma-
orders of ravs together, and absorbing mile flowers lofes its colour, and chang-
or stifling the reSt. ^ es to a dirty green, by being exposed tc 
Glass, crystal, diamond, nitre, bo- the air. 
rax, and, other transparent Solid bodies, Different waters strike different co. 
loSe their transparency, and appear lours, with the Same tinging ingredi-
vriiite upon their being reduced to pow- ents. Thus irony waters turn black, 
der ; that is, by a bare alteration of inky, with galls, green tea, &c. 
their gross texture, or a simple reduc- And dyers find some certain waters 
tion to Smaller parts, So as to reflect ma- rntore proper for their porpofes than co-
ny of the ravs of light, Yvhich they be- thers. And, in general, the pured 
fore transmitted. And the Same holds and lightest waters strike the hest colours 
of the white of eggs whisked up to a with dyiiig stuffs. And hence it is, 
froth, frothy water, &c. that Such waters as have by long stand-
Black talc, being made red-hot in log putrified, or Sermented and purged 
the fire, is turned oS a gold colour ; themselves, being not filtered thro' the 
Syrup of violets, by a boiiing heat, common filtring-stone, or Sand, are 
loses its beautiSul violet colour, fo as at Sound to extract and communicate co-
length to become pale or colourlels ; lours to the greatest advantage. 
white loaf sugar, by being barely melt- Salts, having a power to alter the 
ed over the fire, without water imme- texture of vegetables, consequently pro-
diately changes its whiteness, and be- duce changes of colours therein. Thus 
comes brown ; or by a longer con- must flowers, whether blue or red, 
tinuance black ; fo that a single grain whether violets, roSes, &c. turn grecre 
of this black Substance will tinge a pint with alkalies. But violets turn red, and 
or a quart of fair water ; or colourleSs roSes have their native ,redness greatly 
brandy of a beautiful yellow, brown, heightened by acids. So again the 
or Straw colour; for which purpofe it yellow roots of rhubarb, turmeric, &e. 
is ufed by distillers and others. All the are heightened, or made redder, bj 
finer coloured flowers, as violets, car- alkaline Salts. 
nations, roses, &c. lose of their colour, As metals have a strong texture is 
barely by being exposed to the open their metallic Sorm, So they preServe 
air Sor any long time ; So as at last to their natural colours durably, unless 
appear perfectly discharged, or white, corroded or dissolved by their parties 
as if they had been expofed to that lar menstruum ; after which, their So-
particular discharge oS colours in silks lotions strike particular durable colours, 
&c. the Sumes of burning brimstone- or afford the strongest stains. 
And the fame is remarkable of the finer Iron, dissolved in stale Small beer, 
or lighter colours in silks, or the light gives the beautiful yellow ufed in cal-
hlues, yellows, and reds, particularly licoe printing. When Sublimed with 
the light grain-coloured silks, all which Sal armoniac, it also affords a yellasv. 
colours are gradully changed, diScharg- And the common iron moulds made 
ed, or abolished, in wearing, or by the by ink are owing to the iron dissolve^ 
silks being long exposed to the action in the copperas, whereof the black 
of the air. But the searlet colour is writing ink is made. 
more fixed and durable. And in gene- Copper melted with zink appeal ot 
tal the deeper, any colours are the more a gold colour ; dissolved in aqua funis. 
sixed aaad durable they prove ; as heing it affords a heautisul blue ; and the 
Ill us not shades, as the pinks, light blues, folutions may he reduced to dry c^ 
^cc. are, but true colours corresponding lours by crystallization or evaporation s 
to the original colours of light. Add to the lame metal precipitated with cem-
f^is, that dyers constantly find their co-
A it G tl S T, 
morl Salt, out of aqua fortis, gives the 
turquoise colour to white glass, when 
melted therewith. 
Tin, a white or colourleSs metai, 
affords a light blue colour, by being 
fluxed with antimony and nitre. The 
Same metal is necessary in striking the 
fcarlet dye, with aqua fortis and co-
chineal : Its calx, by strong fusion, 
turns to a glass of a pale colour. 
Lead, being cortoded by the fumes 
oS vinegar, makes the fine white, call-
ed ceraSe, and the white fucus, called 
the white magistery of lead ; by being 
coloured in a strong naked fire, it be-
comes minium or red lead ; and this, 
melted into glafs with Sand, is the 
foundation of the art of imitating all 
the coloured gems : For this glals irselS 
will resemble the hyacinth, and, by the 
addition oS prepared gold and tin, the 
ruby ; the sapphire with cobalt, the 
emerald, with iron and copper, the 
amethyst with gold, and the granate 
with iron, &c. 
Silver, another white or colourless 
metal, being dissolved in acqua fortis, 
if chalk is put to the solution. turns of 
a beautiful ourple or amethyst colour ; 
and its owm Solution, tho' pale as wa-
ter, durably stains the nails, the skin, 
the hair, and other animal Substances, 
brown or black. 
Quicksilver mixed with brimstone 
makes a black ; and this maSs, by Sub-
limation, affords the beautiful red pig-
ment, called cinnabar, or vermilion : 
and the Solution oS quick silver, being 
precipitated with common Salt, yields 
a Snow-white powder, which also turns 
black, being mixed with sulphur. Gold, 
dissolved in aqua regia, affords a fine 
yellow liquor, which stains animal sub-
stances beautifully porple ; and if the 
solution be sufficiently weakened with 
water, and mixed with a solution of tin, 
a fine red or purple powder may be 
thus obtained, for staining glass most 
beautifully r<d. 
Many mineral Subjects are natural 
pigments; as native cinnabar, ochre, 
hlack lead, &c. But particularly the 
yellow earth, called yellow ochre, 
VOL. IV. 
Sound in Sheffover-hills, vshich is used 
native as a light yellow, and by calci-
nation, makes a light red. This colour 
England Supplies Italy with ; and Logar 
would Srequently fay, he had been no 
painter without it. 
Experimental instances of colours pro-
duced, destroyed, and regenerated 
upon Sample mixture. 
Put dried roSe leaves into Spirit of 
wine, and by standing a little therein. 
the roSe leaves will loSe their red colour. 
without manifestly tinging or altering 
the liquor ; then add a little oil or 
Spirit of vitriol thereto, and the liquor 
will appear of a red colour. But, if a 
little alkaline or urinous spirit be poured 
to the mixture, the red colour presently 
changes to green ; which by the addi-
tion of a little more fpirit of vitriol, 
turns to a red colour again. 
Make a flight infufion of bruised galls 
in water, so as not to discolour the wa-
ter ; filter the infusion ; make also a 
weak solution os green vitriol in water. 
and filtre the liquor, so that they both 
may appear pellucid : these liquors be-
ing now mixed together, an inky black-
ness will immediately arise ; but, if a 
little oil of vitriol be added to the mix-
ture, the blackness will by degrees to-
tally vanish, and the liquor appear 
pellucid again ; tho' the blackness may 
be recalled by the addition of a little 
salt of tartar. 
If a little bruised camphire, which in 
a very white substance, be put into pel-
lucid oil of vitriol, and the containing 
glafs be shook for some time, the cam-
phire will dissolve, and gradually change 
the mixture to a brown, and at length 
to a full black. But, upon the addition 
of fair water, the blackness entirely va-
nishes, and the camphire rises to the 
top in its pristine form, and native 
whiteness 
If the shavings of lignum nephriticum 
be infused sor some time in cold water, 
and the clear liquor be decanted into a 
clean glass, and viewed from the light. 
the liquor will appear of a beautiful 
blue ; but if viewed towards the light, 
G cf 
^ MAGA^l^F. tof^ ^ A G A ^ 1 ^ E 8, 
of a yellow. If a little Spirit oS nitre Spirit of urine, and the precipitate o^ 
be put to this liquor, it loles its power tained will be a flesh colour. 
of reflecting the blue rays ; but the ad- If a clean new pen be dipped in Se-
dition of a little oil of tartar per deli- rit oS vitriol, and the common dee^o 
quium recovers that power again. blue paper be wrote upon therewith, 
If logwood be infuSed in water, it the letters appear of a very bright and 
gives a red colour, which, upon the beautisul red.. 
addition of a little Spirit of urine, turns A pellucid solution of Sacaharum Sa-
to a fine purple : but this may be turni, in water, being wrote with, he-
changed to a bright red, by dropping comes invisible on the paper, when 
in a httle Spirit oS common Salt. dried .' but the bare fumes of another 
An infusion of Brafil wood, or co- tranlparent liquor, viz. an infusion oS 
cheneal in water, is much heightened, quick-lime and orpiment in water, will 
in its red colour, by the addition of the Soon render the invisible writing blaelt 
Spirit oS urine ; and lowered or turned and legible. And th^s thole common. 
paler by the Spirit of Salt, ly called invisible, or Sympathetic inks, 
If Spirit oS urine be digested upon re- are made. 
cent chamomile-flowers, and distilled The volatile Salt of Sal armoniac, a 
over from them in a glaSs retort, the white body, and the crystals of copper, 
spirit will thus acquire a beautisul blue a green one, will by mixture become 
colour ; which may be made deeper purple. 
by being drawn over again from fresh Salt of steel, a green body, and Sn-
flowers. gar oflead, a white one, being mitul 
A beautiful blue tincture being made together, the Surface ofthe mixed pow-
by digesting Spirit of urine upon filings der will appear red, whilst the internal 
of copper, the addition of a little oil parts are of a dirty white. 
of vitriol entirely destroys the blueco- That original and simple, as well as 
lout, as a little Spirit of Salt turns it to compound colours, are producible la' 
a green. mixture, appears Srom many experi-
Pelluaid oil oS vitriol being m'xed merits. 
with pelluaid oil oS turpentine, or the It the Sun's ravs pass thro' two pieces 
essential oil ofannifeeds, or more parti- oS differently coloured glass, for in-
cularly with oil of cloves, they thus stance, a blue and a yedow piece laid 
turn into a red, thick balsam. And fo upon each other, and these rays ate 
again, If a pellucid common oil be, by received from the glaffes upon white 
means of a little wax and continued paper, they then appear of a beautiSnl 
triture, gradually mixed with Sair Wa- green. 
let, they thus unite into a very thick It is common with the dyers to dye 
land white Substance, balsam, or cold the cloth first blue with woad, and turn 
cream. hat blue into a green by yellow, cal-
Oil oS vitriol, being distilled over led dyers weed, or luteola. 
quicksilver, leaves a white powder be- To a fine yellow Solution oS pure 
hind ; to which, if water be poured, gold in aqua regita add a deep bhie 
the powder prefently becomes oS a Solution of copper in Spirit oS urine, 
os nitre add Spirit of urine,and a white ed together, constitute a green one. 
powder will be precipitated t to ano- The painters make a great variety 
ther parcel ofthe fame solution add oil os compound colours, by mixing two, 
of tartar per deliquium, and a yellow three, or more different colours tug^ 
powder will Sail to the bottom : to a thet, either on the pallat or the cast-
third parcel of the same solution add Ya^, . 
and the mixture will appear green. 
Blue and yellow enmel, being melt-
^rf A G S T, 17^ 
A mixture of the seven, or even five 
original colours, will make a white ; 
and the more perfectly, the finer and 
mare perfect the coloured bodies are. 
fhus if a large top be painted on its 
upper Surface, one part red, another 
yellow, another green, another blue, 
and another violet ; this surface, while 
the top is spinning briskly, So that the 
motion shall confeound the several co-
lours, or make them appear mixed to 
the eye, will exhibit a dirty kind of 
whiteness. And in like manner by 
mixing together powders of different 
colours, as vermilion, orpiment, indigo, 
verdigreafe, &c. in proper proportions, 
the compound powder Yvill in a strong 
light appear to be white. And, ifdi-
ferently coloured flames be brought to 
mix, the experiment might be made in 
^rearer perfection. 
Elames are of different colours, ac-
cording to the bodies that produce 
them. Thus the flame of burning 
camphire is white, like the focus of a 
huming.glast ; the flames of Spirit of 
wine and Sulphur are blue ; the flame 
of white wax is white, but rather in-
clining to yellow, &c. whence proceeds 
tile difference of colours of bodies, as 
viewed by day-light, candle-light, fire-
light, sulphureous light, &c. and for 
making experiments, to this purpofe, 
oil might be impregnated with certain 
taetals, as particularly copper and iron, 
by triture and digestion, So as to exhi-
bit their particular flames. 
T he prismatic or original colours may 
be imitated to considerable perSection in 
liquors, where the parts of the tinged 
Sihllances are rendred extremly minute 
or fine. Thus a solution of cocheneal, 
mfpirin of tarirae. view ed in a st rong light 
ashords a most vivid and beautiful red , 
a solution of copper in Spirit of urine 
^telds a glorious blue ; a folution of 
^digreafe in distilled vinegar is an ex-
client green ; a Solution of gold in 
aqua regia makes a fine yellow ; an 
i^uSion of violets in bot water affords 
^ excellent violet colour, &o. and 
r^tn a thorough acquaintance with 
t^le liquors, and the methods of vary-
ing, mixing, and heightening the co-
lours, many improvements, in arts de-
pending upon dyes and stains, might 
be rationally expected. 
History of the INCAS, continued seons 
VOL. III p. 259. 
I N T 1 -Cus 1 -Hu A L L p A , otherwise cal-
led Hu A S C A R-l NC A, the 13th lnca. 
^ s^His Inca's proper name was Inli-
st. Cast-Haallpa, which fignifies The 
sun of Joy, but he was always called by 
his subjects Huastar lnca, Srom the fa-
mous go/ten chain which his father cau-
Sed to be made Sor Solemnizing the ce-
remony of cutting his hair. 
Huascar-lnca had not been many years 
upon the throne before he began to re-
gret the difmembring his dominions, by 
the Separation of the large kingdom of 
^uitu, and its independencies, from the 
empire; and altho', in his father's life-
time he had confented to the investure 
of Alahuallpa, he now sent an ambassa-
dor tothim, requiring him to do ho-
mage for his kingdom, and acknow-
lege himfelfthe tributary and vassal of 
the empire. Asahuallpa dissembled his 
resentment, and answered that he would 
wait upon the emperor in Cazco, and 
obey his commands. The emperor, a-
mused with this submissive answer. 
thought himself secure, and fufpected 
nothing: in the mean time A^ahual^pa 
marched his troops privately, and in 
fmall parties towards Ctizco, 'till at last 
he had an army of more than 30,000 
men in the neighbourhood of that city, 
under the command of two able gene-
rals called Chabouchima and ^uizquiz, 
which could be assembled at a very 
short warning. Huasear-lnca did nor 
discover his brother's treachery 'till it 
was too late ; he indeed got together an 
army equal in number to Arahardiapaz's, 
but it consisted of raw, undisciplined 
men ; however, he put himself at the 
head of his army, and marched out of 
Cuzco. In the plains. abou t two or 
three leagues to the westosthat city he 
G a 
MAGA^I^E ^ ^ AGA^lNES, 
met the rebel army and engaged it. 
Trie lnca's troops, undisciplined as they 
were, were very faithful and fought 
stoutly ; the battle was exceeding bloody 
and consiued a whole day, at last the 
Inaa's army was totally routed, and 
himfelf taken prisoner. 
This victory put Ainhuah^Pa in pof-
Session oS the empire, and the better 
to Secure it to himfelf he resolved to put 
to death every one of the blood-royal, 
and to destroy the whole family of the 
Incas, without any distinction or regard 
to age or sex. As the race of the In-
cas was very numerous, the usurper 
Spent two years in persecuting and ex-
terminating them. The unfortunate em-
peror was ttept in prison under a strong 
guard, his death being only deferred 
to augment his misery, by making him 
an eye-witnefs of the destruction of 
the whole imperial race. 
Alahuaiipa did not long enjoy the 
dignity he had so unjustly acquired, for 
during thefe tranfactieons Don Francisco 
Pizarfo, and the first Spaniards who 
ton ^uered Peru, arrived in the country, 
and fuirprieed Aiediuaastz in Cafiimarca, 
and took him prisoner ; and he, suspect-
ing that when the Spaniard should be 
informed that Huascar was the lawful 
emperor they would restore him, sent 
orders to the captains ofthe troops, who 
guarded the lnca. to put him to death, 
which they accordingly did, and Ata-
huastpa pretended to Pizarro, that it 
was done without his privity. Pinarro 
afterwards discovered that Atahualpa 
was plotting against the Spaniard, and 
that he had Sent fecret orders to his ge-
r.Crals, to assemble a strong army, and 
to come and attack the Spaniard, and 
set him at liberty. Upon this disco-
very Piaarro resolved to put him to 
de th ; but he first cruelly broke him 
upon trie wheel, in order to oblige him 
to discover the treafures^which he had 
o Aiethual^a promised the Spanards trea-
sores to the amount of loo millions iserling, 
provided they would have Saved his life; he ae. 
to ally gave them gold to the value of mil-
lions, and would have discovered where the 
rest was hid, had he not perceived that they 
intended after all to put hat to death. The 
before offered the Spaniards for ran-
som. Before he was pot to death, the 
Spaniard persuaded him to be baptized, 
and gave him the name of John. After 
he had imprisoned Huascar-lnca he had 
assumed the imperial diadem, and was 
the last emperor of the blood royal of 
the Incas in Peru. 
Spaniards found yet greater treasures. whtn 
thry pillaged the temple of the fun; and t^e 
are told, that the Sncas had a garden and a ca-
binet wherein all the prnductons of natrrre, 
and alsthe weeks of art known to the la-
gans. were imitated in figures ofpuregold. de-
monstrations thefe of the immense wealth 
and nagniftcienceof tho Perurran emperors ! 
The ^panrords, elated with their lrreoeSs. in-
toxicated with the possession of Such vaSt rich-
es, but still thirsting after more, ravaged and 
plundered the country with the most inSatia 
ble rapacity. and maSlacred the defenceless na-
tives ie the most Savage and merciae.s manner . 
But their gold, in iome measure, revenged 
the Indians ; fee Die-go ^lmar^o and FraerS 
co Pizarr-, the ^Panr^, chiefs, quarrelled a. 
bout the limitsof their goverements, and the 
divifion of' the tpoil. This quarrel kindled 
an intestine war amongst tlae Spies. iards, in tbe 
courie whereof the two ehefe and a geeet 
nermber of Spaniards were flain. Gexrza.^ Pr-
zarro. who after the death of his brother Frae.. 
cifco became the herd of his party, weak. 
enedand diminished the other pa ty So much, 
and got himSelf So firenly establith'e.t, that Ire 
had thoughts of rendering himself indepen-
dent, and Setting up for a Sovereign, and re-
futed to acknowlege and receive the viceroy 
Sent from Spain. But the licentiate Pedro dt 
laGafa, a man of great abilities and address, 
being appoinred viceroy, sound means to gaiia 
over a great many as Pr'zarro's party; acid at 
last, on the ^th of .^prrt a ^ gave him bat-
tle in the plains eef .Yaouiz^geaana : the battle 
was no Sooner joined than a great part of 
Pizarrei's Soldiers went over to the roe al r-
mv. and the rest were Soon put to flight. and 
Przzaro taken prisoner who was beheaded tbe 
next day in the^zdyearofhis age. Peru has 
ever Since s een governed by viceroys appoint-
ed by the king of Spain, who are reneast 
from time to time, and not fuffered to coiitr-
nue many years in the government. 
Considerations on the Bounty for Co s ^ 
exported 
( Everal petitions to the H. of Cat^' 
il mons last fessions concerning the 
bounty of corn exported, being unpaid 
having renewed the disputes on this 
C a sahy^ 
AUGUST, 
Subject, I beg leave to offer Some con-
siderasion on the influence oS this boun-
ty on our national wealth and trade .• 
That it is greatly prejudicial to them, 
may I think be thus demonstrated. 
Should the public employ one man 
a whole year in a piece oS work to be 
Sent abroad and given away; this would 
plainly be to loSe she value os one man's 
labour : But the loSs would be exactly 
the Same, iS twelve men should be fo 
employed for a month; or if one twelfth 
part of the whole year's work should be 
given away. Supposing then, that the 
bounty makes the price of our corn a-
hroad less by one twelsth part than it 
would otherwise be ; it is evident, that 
thenation gives away one twelsth part 
of all the labour employed in growing 
this corn, and exporting it, and of the 
rents oS the land on which it grows. 
To give a bounty on corn exported is, 
thereSore, nothing less than to hire our 
people to work Sor foreigners ; not for 
the beneficial purposes of felling tothem 
goods of all kinds perfectly manufactu-
red, and at their market-price, but to 
make a necessary of life the cheaper 
to their manufacturers, seamen, and la-
bourers of every kind. 
There are two reasons for the conti-
nuance of the bounty, which Seem to 
be most fpecious : One is urged by the 
farmer and land-owner, and one by the 
trader: Each of them neglects the in-
terest of the other, and mistakes his 
own. The farmer, lays, that without 
a bounty, no corn will he exported ; 
and, that without an exportation he 
could not pay his rent. But he here 
neglects the interests of trade, which re-
quires, that corn and all provisions 
Should be as cheap as possible ; for 
whatever makes them dear, must make 
labour dear also, and must lessen the 
Sale oS our manufactures in foreign mar-
kets. And if the farmer thinks that 
this is of no importance to him, he mi-
stalres his own interest : His particular 
trade, as well as others, requires, that 
labour should be cheap ; and the gene-
ral trade of the station cannot be hurt 
but he must also suffer with it, For 
if our trade decreases, the number of 
our people must decrease also ; and no-
thing can support the farmer's busi-
ness in any country but a great number 
of inhabitants : This enables him to 
join together the trades of farming and 
grazing : His cattle improve his 
ground, and make it produce more corn, 
and at lefs expence than any other 
method os hushandry. But he will 
never seed cattle where he cannot fell 
them ; and he cannot fell them where 
there are not people to eat them. 
This will explain the Improvements 
which have been made in our lands 
fince the revolution. As our trade 
and the number of our people have in-
creased, the farmer has found a greater 
deinand for beef, mutton, butter, &c. 
and the stock which he keeps to anfwer 
this greater demand, manures his land 
without expence ; and, by enabling 
him to grow on all his lands grass and 
corn alternately makes the crops of both 
more plentiful. Hence it is, that com-
mon fields have bern inclosed, barren 
heaths converted to tillage, old pastures 
broken up, and the farmers in general 
enabled to pay their advanced rents . 
Thus all the improvements in farming, 
and the value of our lands, depend on 
the increase of trade ; and the bounty 
of corn can never be of service to the 
farmer or land-owner, if it is prejudicial 
to the trader. 
Let us fee, therefore, what the tra-
der fays to it. He objects, that by tak-
ing away the bounty, and consequent-
ly making corn cheap, the industry of 
the common people will be lessened. 
To give this objection the more force, 
it is said, that the traders in our manu-
facture towns find the greatest difficulty 
in carrying on their business upon every 
extroardinary call from abroad for our 
manufactures : That the workmen pro-
portion the value of their labour to the 
demands for the manufactures; and, 
when the price of three days labour 
will maintain their families a week, 
will not work Si^; and, if the neccfla-
rie^ 
ties of life were to be had at a cheaper 
rate, the cafe would be still worse. It 
must he allowed that this is true with 
regard to all labour in England, where 
a monopoly is given to alniolt every 
kind of manufacture, and the traders 
are not allowed to employ Such hands 
as they think are fit and able to work 
for them, but are confined to such on-
ly as the law has qualified : But it is 
nevertheless very manifest, that iri all 
countries, where industry is not re-
strained, the price of provisions must 
affect the price of labour. This will 
always be diminished yvhen the necess 
faries oS life grow cheaper : And the 
objection shews not that the increase of 
the price of corn, bv a bounty on its 
exportation, is beneficial to trade ; but 
that there is another evil in our law, 
which we should endeavour to remove, 
this evil consists in various difficulties 
and discouragements which are put up-
on industry. Many trades a man may 
not lawfully exercise who has not ser-
ved an apprenticeship : Others he may 
not join together : At others he may 
not work within the limitsofa corpora-
tion. It would be endless to enumerate 
all the laws of this kind : We need on-
ly obferve of them, that every effect 
they can possibly have must be detri-
mental to trade : For every man, if 
not restrained by law, would pass from 
one employment to another, as the va-
rious turns in trade should require; and 
would always be employed in that 
business for which he was best fitted, or 
in which he was most wanted. In this 
cafe, either all trades would have 
a suflicient number of workmen, or 
would equally want them : and the 
consequence of such a general want 
would be nothing else but drawing hi-
ther a great number of foreigners : 
whereas our present restraints oSten put 
it in the power of workmen to demand 
higher wages than their work deserves, 
and thus prevent the sale of our manu-
factures abroad. 
There is no complaint more com-
mon amongst ourmerchanta, ehan, that 
foreigners underwork us in almost every 
kind of manufacture : And can we 
be surprized at it ? When the general 
tendency of our laws is, to make la-
bour dear at home and cheap abroad : 
When we either forbid our people to 
work, or oblige them to work in fome 
disadvantageous manner t When we 
lay all our taxes on trade, or, vhich is 
still worse for trade, on the necessaries 
oS life : And when we contrive to feed 
the labourers, manufacturers, and sea-
men of foreign countries, with our corn 
at a cheaper rate than our own people 
can have it. To raise the price of corn 
at home, in whatever manner it is done, 
is the Same thing as to lay a tax on the 
consumption of it : And to do this in 
such a manner as lessens the price of it 
abroad, is to apply this tax for the be-
nefit of foreigners. If then we consi-
der the mischiefs that the bounty on 
corn does to trade and farming in their 
true light, we may venture to pro-
nounce, that a general excise on all the 
bread we eat could not be attended 
with more pernicious consequences. 
a i 
The Account of Dean Swift continuedsrovr 
Vol. Ill. an Epitome of the Ear/ of 
Orrery *s Letters to his Son, with Re-
marks. 
^UCH was the life and character of 
Dr. foirathan Swift, the celebrated 
Dean of St. Patricks, as represented by 
the lord Orrery, a friend who, as he says 
was admitted to the nearest familiari-
ty, and trusted with the most unfospect-
ing confidence ; it remains only to add 
fome account of his works, and a few 
cursory observations on the performance 
os his critic and biographer. 
The Dean*s works are mentioned in 
order as they stand in Faulkner's edition. 
The 1st volume begins with Adiscourse 
of the contests and distentions between the 
Nobles and Commons in Athens and Rome •' 
This piece was written in 1701.. ^t 
that time King William found 
hiniseif 
obliged to remove some of his most 
faithful friends from places of trust and 
dignity, to gratify the house of com-
mons ; 
AUGUST, 17^. Ill 
mons : but the houfe not content with 
this, impeached the Earl os Port/and, 
the Lord Somers, the Earl oS Orsond, 
and the Earl of Ha/tfax o The cha-
racters of thele noblemen Swiss has 
drawn under Athenian names, Phocion is 
the Farl oS Portland, Aristides is Lord 
Sooters, 'lhemr'stoc/es is the Earl of ^dr-
ford, and Pericles is the Earl of Ha/i-
sex, with this key to the meaning of 
the author, the tract will be easily un-
derstood. 
The next piece is A meditation upon 
a Broomstick ; written in i 7o3 in derisi-
on oS Mr. Baste, a man eminent for 
deep natural knowledge, extensive be-
nevolence, irreproachable manners, and 
ardent piety, and whoSe writings there-
Sure were by no means a fit object of 
ridicule. His lordship has indeed ex-
pressed himfelf with So great zeal in 
behalf of Mr. Boyle as to declare it to 
be his opinion that a man may remain 
invulnerable against irresistible Satire. 
The sentiments of a Church - of -
Lt^laad^^ a^yitb respect to Re/igion &c-
follow. Of this piece, which was 
written in i 7o8, Lord Orrery only ob-
ferves, that the style is impariia/, and 
the State of Ho/land justly described : 
for his other literary remarks the rea-
der is referted to the book ; such of the 
dean's pieces only, being selected for 
this epitome, as are elucidated by the 
relation of Some event not generally 
known : it would however be injustice 
to the noble author, not to mention 
that aster having remarked the imper-
' CbarSes Montague, Earl of HaTifar, distin-
I^Shed by the name as Mouse Montague, sor 
baa having jesintly with Prior w ritten a parody 
Oh bir. Dryden's hind and panther. The pa-
rody is taken from the fable of the city Mast 
^rrd country Mast, and upon Mr. Montague's 
prennotion totheehaneelIorship of the Exohe-
^er, ^ ^ strain of mirthful resentment 
at being himfelf neglected, when the porson in 
wbese services ho had participated was prefer-
red, concludes an epistse to Fleetwood Shepherd. 
^ ^ith these lines. 
^ty friend Charles Montague, preferr'd ^ 
Nor would 1 have it long obServ'd. ^ 
^hat one ntast eats while foth.f s statr^s. ^ 
secticon of our language he proposes, 
as a remedy, that an hoSpital should 
be provided Sor persons whoSe infirm 
fortunes, and diseased revenues, have ren-
dered the strength of their minds weak. 
Cadences and Vanessa, a poem, was 
written in the year 1713, when Swift 
was in favour at court, and flattered, 
Seared, and admired, by the greatest 
men in the nation. The real name of 
Vanessa was Esther Vanhomrigh pronoun-
ced Vannumery, she was one of the 
daughters oS a Dutch merchant, who at 
the revolution yvent into Ireland, as 
commissioner of the revenue t her mo-
ther was a native of Ireland, and of 
mean extraction. The merchant, at 
his death, bequeathed his fortune which 
was i6,o00/. to his widow and four 
children, two Sons, and two daughters, 
in equal proportions ; but both the Sons 
dying Soon aS'tet, tire whole patrimony, 
except the widow's Share, fell lo the 
two sisters, Esther and Alary. With 
this increaSe oS Sorsune they came tea 
Fregland, and were Soon brought into 
great distress by their prodigality. in 
the midst oS this distress, the mother 
died, and the two sifters returned Secret-, 
ly to Ire/and, Setting out on a Sunday 
to prevent their being stopped by an 
artest ; within two years aster their re-
turn to Ire/and, Mary died, and the lit-
tle that remained oS their Sortune be-
came the fole property oS Vanastr. 
Vanessa was extremely vain, fond of 
dress, impatient to be admired, and of 
a romantic turn of mind ; not without 
accomplishments that rendered her a-
greeable, but far from being either 
beautiful or genteel. She was however 
zealous at any rate to be thought a wit, 
she therefore always affected the com-
pany of those who had acquired this 
distinction : she was a great reader, an 
enthusiastic admirer of poetry, and 
pleased to be reputed Swift's concubine. 
but ambitious to become his wife. Th^ 
manner in which she discovered her in-
clination, is described by a quotation 
from the proem, and a paraphrase which 
is written with a Species of candle-
peCUhat 
^ ^AGA^INE ^ ^AGARIf^8 
peculiar to his lordship o but what was 
her Success is a secret, tho* it is most 
probable considering the Dean's natural 
coldnefs, and the manner in which he 
lived with his wife, that she was disap-
pointed. Vanssa however lost her repu-
tation, a circustance which is thought 
to have concurred with the narrownefs 
of her Sortune, and the inSensibility of 
ber lover, to render her wretched, and 
and give the frenzy to which she was 
Subject, a melancholy turn. After her 
filter's death, she retired to Seshridge, a 
Small house and estate within about i z 
miles of Dublin, where she continued 
several years, and was frequently visited 
by Cadenns, whom it is certain she often 
pressed to marry her : his anSwers were 
rather witty evasions than positive de-
nials, but at last she wrote him a very 
tender letter in which she insisted that 
he should seriously and directly either 
accept or refuse her as a wife. An 
anfwer to this letter he carried himfelf 
to Seshrldre, and throwing it down 
upon the table before her, with marks 
of the utmost anger and indignation 
in his countenance, hasted back to his 
borse. Va testa did not many days sur-
vive this letter, but during this short 
interval, she was sufficiently composed 
to cancel a will which she had made 
iu the Dean's favour, and execute a new 
one, in which she left her fortune, which 
by long retirement, was in fome de-
gree retrieved, to others. 
The works of the Dean from 1714 
to 172o are few and trivial, consisting 
chiefly of verses to Stella and Dr. Sher-
riaan, except, as his lordship seems to 
think probable, he filled this period by 
writing Gul/iver's travels. 
His lordship to several remarks upon 
thefe travels adds*' in Candour I ought 
1o ooserve that Gu/liver places the re-
surrection in a ridiculous and conterap-
o See Vol. Ill. p. C i. The lines of 
which the passage referred to is a paraphrase 
are thefe. 
• taught her 
That virtue. p'eas'd by being lhown, 
Kiaews ^othiig which ri dares rrd Oram ; 
That common forms were not deSign' d 
Directors to 4 noble mind 
tible light "this is that Species of cattery 
with which his lordship has paraphrased 
Cadmus, and Panesta, and which by e-
very other writer has been called by a 
different name. His lordship is also of 
opinion that the satire upon human na-
ture, in these travels, is So great a crime, 
that providence is to be admired for pu-
nishing it with ldeory ; tho* he does in-
deed acknowledge in another place, 
that the treatment which Swiss receiv-
ed, after the death of queen Anne, was 
almost sufficient to justify a contempt, if 
not an abhorrence of the human race. 
In i72o, the Dean published his first 
political essay in Ireland; it was a sin all 
pamphlet, intitled, A proposal for the 
universal use of Irish manufactures, utter-
ly resecting every thing wearable that 
comes Srom Engtand, but this piece, 
though it obtained for the Dean, the 
character of a patriot, brought a pro-
secution, upon the printer, but the pro-
secution as is usual in the like cases, 
contributed to the success of an attends 
which it was intended to disappoint. 
At this time there was in lresand so 
great a scarcity of copper-coin, that 
tickets of tin, or leather, were used by 
the principal manufacturers, to par 
their workmen. Under a pretence oS 
providing a remedy for this evil, a pa-
tent was procured of the late king, by 
one Wm. Wood to coin, during l 4 years, 
farthings and halfpence in England sat 
the ufe of Ire/and to be received onlt 
by those who were willing to accept 
them. This patent, however plausible, 
was thought to he so injurious to the 
public and so exorbitantly gainsul to the 
patentee, that the Dean, under the 
character of M. B. Drapier, wrote Se-
veral letters to the people, wami^ 
them not to accept Wood' s halSpet^ 
and farthings as current coin. These 
letters united all ranks and parties a-
gainst the project, and it was opooSeu 
with such violence and inflexibility, 
notwithstanding threats and proclamati-
ons, that to prevent the worst effects 
popular resentment, the coin was total' 
ly Suppressed and Wood withdrew his 
patent. 
A pamphlet, called The public Spir-'t 
J^r AUGUST, 
sj' the W^ig, is an ansYver to the Crisis, 
written by Sir Richard St el ; lord (dr-
rery, aster oblerving that this is one of 
the molt masterly tracts that the dean 
ever wrote, adds, that he appears the 
greatest master through a greater varie-
ty of materials than have been discasted 
by any other author. 
Upon the dean's letters to his friends, 
it is remarked that his literary corres-
pondence faith Mr. Pope began very 
early, and Yvas continued from the death 
of the (^ieen almost without interrup-
tion; the report that the friendship be-
tween them was not So firm and per-
Sect at the end, as at the begining os 
their lives, being utterly Salfe, as ap-
pears by their own letters. 
Of the Ta/e of a Tub, the Battle of 
the Books and the Fragm-nt, tho' not 
owned by the Dean, has lordship fays, 
rrul Erasers' sunt atit diaho/i 
The dean left behind him but a seYv 
MSS. all trivial except a tract, which 
he called an history of the four last 
years •of (^ueen Anne, which is the belt 
defence of Lord (dxserd's administration, 
and the clearest account of the treaty 
oS Utrecht that has been yet written. 
He had once begun an history of Eng-
htnd which he persued through two or 
three reigns from the conqueror, but 
his contempt for our ancient kings 
m ide him grow weary of the under-
taking and throw it aside. 
His lordship has obferved, that the i-
die amufements of a man's private and 
domestic life, are not to be fent forth 
as a sufficient entertainment to the pub-
lick, and that whatever apology may 
he offerred for posthumous works, a 
living author remains without excuse, 
who either . wilfully or wantonly im-
poles upon the public, (letters p. So). 
it is therefore necessary to remark, that 
tho* these letters are addressed to the 
hern. Hamilton Boyle, yet as the subject 
rendered them fit lor general entertain-
ment, his lordship considers himfelf as 
writing to the public, of which Ham. is 
upon this ocaafion the Substitute ; Sol' 
m a private correspondence with his San, 
he might surely have " written Un-
^OL. IV. 
dauntedly of thole tempestuous times'' 
of wliich, as a writer to the publick, 
he has given good reaSons Sor being si-
lent (59).. 
Tht inaccuracies therefore which a-
bound in this performance, cannot, in 
candour be considered as the effect of 
negligence t his lordship has not learnt 
of his friend Sw.se to maintain and con-
duct his metaphors and allusions with a 
jastast that is exact, p. (2i8) of this 
fome instances have been occasionally 
given^and innumerable erthers might be 
preoduced : we read of Channels that sup-
ply Springs (p. 14.) of a devouring De-
gree ( p. 2-4.) the load of agonists pastr-
ons (6o.) Great trifles the weight 
of a Laurel Crown. Ingredients' to a 
wound (i i6.) An Assectiouate Name 
(ii8) A real picture embelished with 
I.AtEnt wit ( i 5 ,0.) the stile and con-
duct of a llanner (a 9^.) 'and a prospect 
that is assamed (2toS ) Thestructure of 
his Sentences is in many places equal-
ly remarkable. We are told that Sir 
Wm. Temple's friendship was roast-reed 
to proceerl from a confaioufness that fact 
was Swiss's real father, otHERWis^ 
it was thought impcossible that he could 
be fo munificent to a young man, r.-a 
ways related to him. This passage is 
not only remarkable for its elegance, 
but crowded with more fentiment thata 
is expressed; for it implies, that it 
would not havf been thought impossi-
ble for Sir William to be fo munificent 
to a young man no ways related to 
him, if indeed he had been his father; 
but this exuberance of meaning would 
have been cut off, if with a stiff logical 
exactness, his lordship had written ser, 
instead of otherwise, St east is Said to 
have beCuome " a Spectacle devoid of e-
verv appearance of human nature except 
the outward form '' But of what appear-
ance ofhuman nature Swiss as a Specta-
cle could be devoid, that was not inclu-
ded in the eutV'ard fo-rrt, is not easy 
to conceive. There is however no mo-
ral objection to his lordships perform-
ance, except that lie could not suppress 
one pastagt in which bawdry is but half 
concealed, tho* he was writing to his 
^ futt, 
ii4 
Son. There ate Several episodical cri-
ticisms and dissertations which at least 
increase the variety of these letters. 
O.ae of them is a defcant upon stile ; 
but his lordship's knowledge of this 
subject is already suSficiently display *d ; 
there is a criticism on a passage in Vir-
gil, in which lie has written false Latin 
but twice ; there are some observations 
on the fextUmvirate erf Gulliver, in 
which none of the persons are mistaken 
but Cato. And there is abuser tation 
upon lunacy, in which-' he proves with 
great strength of argument his first posi-
tion, that " lunacy is originally ossing 
to a fault of the body or the mind." 
A certain Remedy sor PlMPLES. 
r a '111a highest pleasure that can be 
I enjoyed by man as a rational be-
ing arifes from reflecting upon acts of 
virtue, and those acts arc the most 
truely virtuous by which happiness, is 
produced to society. But this fpecies 
of pleasure is still in proportion to the 
number, or the merit of the persons to 
wherm happiness is communicated, as 
well as irr proportion to the degree of 
happiness produced. If l do not now 
attempt to obviate a very dreadful ca-
lamity, or bestow the most elevated fe-
licity, yet, as tile object of the good 
I propose ts the boast, the ornament, 
and the delight of our fystem, I may 
be excused for introducing it with some 
parade, and considering it as of more 
than common importance. 
The following prescription, Mr. (lr-
ha'e, I intend, as a present to the Bridies. 
It is not mentioned in any author, and 
it is known but to few. 
A certain rued speedy Remedy sor pimples 
that ruse or Settle in the face, 
, Take of precipitat of saiphur half an 
ounce ; dimaSk rest water one ounce, and 
a little of any arom-rtick or'/ of persarnes to 
prevent the ostensive suae// of the suiphur ; 
shake them together in a phial, and Ly 
some of the lelior.' thick on the pimples at 
riirshl ; next osoming wash it ess with 
milk and water ; sew cases wist require 
ul^ve a week ; it wotdil be adtrisectble 
that the patient, if the pimples are nume-
rous or obstinate, should take lit the fame 
time seme gentle di'uretick. 
An A-eonnt of the lnqviry concerning a 
Letter of M I.El^Nltz, cited by 11. 
EN to, Prosestor os Ce^'il Lew at 
the Ha^tie, in the Leipsic Acts of 
March i75t, reletive to the Princi-
ple of the least Action. 
^ a| de Manpertuis, president of the 
dVI' Royal Academy of Berlin, ha-
ving demonstrated by several very con-
vincing arguments, that not only in the 
cafe of bodies in eqndiheio, but like-
wise in all motions produced by any 
forces whatsoever, the leastposhble qee^-
ti'ty of action is ever employed, and 
that there is all the reason in the world 
to allow that in this principle of she 
least action is involved the most gene-
ral law of nature : professor Koenig has 
made various attempts to subvert this 
great discovery. 1st, He deities that 
the principle holds good in the cafe of' 
bodtes in a^udibrio, pretending, that 
here, instead of a minimi y, as he calls 
it, you can discover no me^c than a 
nl/ity of action. To this end he men-
tions some cases, wherein he Shews that 
what, according ter this principle, 
should be a minimum. is really nothing 
at all. Yet this objection is of Small 
importance, as the d octrine os rn.a.sirra 
and minima sufficiently evinces that is 
may frequently So happen, that whatis 
to be considered as a minimum, vanish-
es entirely. Now although this may 
take place in Some particular cafes, it 
by no means follows that it should ne-
cessarily obtain in all cafes of ^juli 
brinm ; on the contrary, there are num-
berless cafes, where this quantity of ac-
tion is neot an absolute nothing, bat a 
real minimum ^ which puts it beyond 
all doubt that nature*s rule is not the 
nullity but the minimi ty of action ; and 
as if aiming at the total effect, she^-
proaclies it as near as possible. That 
which M. Koenig advances against t^ 
other part of this principle as rel^tt^ 
to motion, is weak to the last de^it^ 
AUGUST) 
ar.cl being sensible hirnself that it is fo, 
he Sets about robbing M. de Afimpertuis 
of the glory of the invention, by aS-
erihing it to M. Leibnitz ; alledging, 
for this purpose a fragment of a cer-
tain letter, which he pretends M. Leib-
nitz wrote to M. Hermann ; the passage 
runs thus : 
' Action is not the thing yon take it 
' tn be, the consideration of time must 
• he taken into it : It is as the product 
, of the mass by the time, or of the 
' rime by the vis viva. I have tak-
• eta notice that in modifications of 
' motions it is forihemost partamaxi-
• nuem or a minimum. From whence 
' several important propositions may be 
• deduced ; it may be of use for de-
• termining curves described by bodies 
• attracted to one or more centers. I 
' had intended to treat of these mat-
, ters amongst others in the second part 
• of my dynamics, which l have sup-
, prefs'd on account of the unkind re-
' ception they first met with.' 
It should follow srom hence that M. 
Leibnitz had a perfect knowledge of 
this grand principle of the least action. 
it was therefore judged indispensably 
necessary to procure the most exact in-
formations about the authentiaknefs of 
the cited fragment. It feem'd odd that 
Leibnitz should disclose himfelf thus 
to M. Her^man alone, among the great 
number of his correspondents, and not 
drop the least hint oS this excellent prin-
ciple to his great friend> M. John Ber-
noulli', among the many letters he wrote 
him about the vis viva, and the just 
estimate of action. Thefe considerati-
ons casting no Small SuSpicion on the 
authority oS the Sragment, M. de Mau-
^astu's, who had propofed the said 
principle as his own, thought he was 
ohliged to clear himself oS all imputa-
tion of plagiarism. by searching the fact 
^ the bottom. He therefore first wrote 
to M. Koenig, the aSth of Aldy 175s. 
importuning him in the most friendly 
fanner, to let him have a sight of Mt 
^nitz's original letter. He received 
anSwer before the 26th of June, 
^a.cn M. Eoenig gave him to understand 
that the letter had been shewn him by 
the famous Henzi, who was beheaded 
at Bern three years before, for seditious 
practices. He lent, at the fame time 
a copy of the whole letter whose date 
is the i6th of October- t7o7. The frag-
ment in question being towards the 
end, but with Some difference in the 
expression, for YvhereaS the citation runs, 
• It (the action) is as the product of the 
< mass by the time, or of the time by the 
' vis viva,' which contains a manifest 
contradiction, the words of the letter 
are, ' It is as the product of the mast by 
' that of the Space and of the velicity, or 
' of the time by the vis viva, &a.* This 
made the fragment still more SuSpected. 
especially as its whole authority rested 
on the testimony of one avho afterwards 
Yvas adiudged to death for crimes a-
gainst the state. However, M. deMau-
pertuis entreated the French ambassador 
in Swssarland, to get Hcnzi's papers 
carefully searched, which aaaordingly 
was done, but not one letter of M. 
Leibnitz found amongst them. The 
7th of October i75t, he laid all that 
passed before the academy, in order 
for taking the further proper measures 
for ending this affair, when the acade-
my ordered their secretary M. Forrney to 
write to M. Koenig, which he did the 
next day, exhorting him in the mildest 
terms to clear up the authenthickness 
os the fragment, and to produce the 
original letter in a month's time. A 
month and more having pafs'd without 
any anfwer from M. Koenig, the acade-
my thought fit to repeat their instance ; 
and it was certified to them that M. 
Koenig, received it, together with ano-
ther letter from the president on the 
6th of January this present year. In 
the mean time the kin^, as protector o^ 
the academy, had, by letter requested 
of the magistracy of Bern, to endea-
vour by all possible means to find out 
the Said letter oS M. Leibnitz among 
Henzi's papers. Persons were accord-
ingly authorised to Search, and their 
report vvas that they could not find any 
Such thing. 
(To be continued) 
Pa Te 
^ ^IAGA^INB MAGA^IN'F.8, 
To the Proprietors of the MAGAZINE furnished with it ; and has he not a p<-
Ohser^ratioris on the Nature of Poisons. and we know to be to be quite innocent ? 
hew lheyarcaecumulated by Animals. Is it not, beaaUSe they have no Such 
all animal and vegetable substances glands, or innate juices belonging tea 
too, there Seems a pabulum of per- their general organization, and conSe-
r.icious, as well as salutary particles, quently cannot attract any ? For as, ia 
ready to be attracted by Some creatures, vegetables, no juice is received into any 
and not attracted by others who Seed Sroni the general mass oS aliment, .htlt 
on them ; for in every animal there are what is attracted by a •kindred juice 
organised parts, we call glands, each already in if ; so in animals, no fort of 
having its own innate juiee, ready to juice is returned freim the general mats 
attract out of the general mass of ali- taken into the stomach, but what is 
ment which is in every creature, whe- analogous to some juiceorother, which 
ther animal or vegetable, taken into is natural to, and fit for the animal ; 
and digested in the stomach, in the the rest all go off wish the excremer,-
course ofthe circulation, tile pernicious, tious matter, of whatsoever kind. 
bitter, and insipid, &c. whichsoever is But if it should be . demanded^ listee 
analogous to that already innate in the there is such a portion of pernicious, as 
gland, w inch leperates the fluid. Why well as wholesome particle^, in .all our • 
is the SleSb ofthe viper wholfome and aliment, whether animal or vegetable, 
nourishing food, whilst thejuice issuing why do^we not suffer some harm. at 
from his tooth is poisonous ? one time or other, from their use ^ 
W hat supplies this poisonous juice, anSwer tlus, we are to consider, t^t 
and that ofthe rattle-Shake, when he such particles as are component,^' 
lias expended all the gland had stored of the general mala, are in very fiast 
up in it ? la it not Supplied from the quantities ; that they arast intim^ 
common aliment, and can there be blended with infinite numbers ofaothi^s, 
any thing else that supplies the Secretion of all qualities ; that they. cannotbe Se-
ofany gland in animal bodies but parated or unlocked front the genera 
thisr If this be true, is there not a pa- mass by any means, but one, and t^at 
bulum for each in the inSectnal^ebird, is by being attracted into a peculiar 
the Squirrel, rat. or mouse ^ And who gland with its innate juice, aslhave 
cara doubt but that (if water alone, or just mentioned ; till then, it passes^ 
dew, was the Sole nuttirnepr of these as a constituent part ofthe general fluid; 
animals) they wnuld be Supplied Sal'- and further, if a quantitv oIthat uftle 
ficiently, Sabm it, with that lamejuicel viper, or even of the Haver of a mad 
How is the ink fish stored with a dog, was taken into the stomach, it 
black juice, which serves him to change would have no ill effect, as it wouldhe 
the ambient water into a dark cloud, liable to alteration by digestion, and 
thro' which he escapes his pursuing e- admixtion with othet juices ; for there 
ncmies r Is it not from his aliment, are many things we take into the 
v inch consists of other creatures, he is m ach daily, without any slheffcct whi^ 
M A g A Z 1 N E S. culiar gland, wherein it is feperate-d Srora 
it ^ l must be indulged to ask another 
the same innocent food, as well as Sc-
veral other fpecies of ferpents, which 
A H G Ls S T, 117 
^immediately injected into the maSs oS 
blued, would produce inevitable death. 
This is a Secret that appears to- have 
beery well known to that admirable poet 
Lucan. in his Pharialia ; where describ-
ing the distresses os the army, com-
manded by Cato, in Lybia for want 
oS water, after enumerating all his 
virtues, and shewing, that, till now, 
he was.the last that always drank in 
his array to refresh him now paints 
him drinking first ofa fountain, whoSe 
waters were filled with venemous Ser-
pents of different kinds, to encourage his 
men to drink to Save their lives. 
It was alio known in Germany, not 
mmy years ago, to a mountebank, who 
deceived the people , and deluded them 
^ to buy vast quantities oS a medicine, 
which he pretended preserved men a-
gainst the inSectioii, ancl expelled poison ; 
which he did, by causing an imaged 
viper to bite a piece os bread beSore 
the Spectators, which he eat up before 
them, and, in Some time, pretending 
to be convulfed and effected by the 
poison, he took Some of his medicine, 
and socartying on the farce gradually 
put on better looks, and feemed at last 
perfectly recovered ; but at present it 
it is a fact pretty well keown all over 
Europe.-
To what has been said it will not 
be amiss 'to add another querv or two ; 
Do not many other animals of she sorteit 
feed on thefame provisions wish those 
which produce the musk and castor ? 
And yet thefe productions are peculiar 
to thefe creatures ; and, to cary this a 
little further, do not stinging nettles 
grow on the same fpot wish many o-
ther plants ? yet they have their peculiar 
acrimonious juices, issuing from their 
pointed fpicula, all over the plant, as 
the poison of a rattle-shake issues from 
the tooth. , 
IaXTRACT Ill. Of a Treatise on the 
Nightingale. (Seep. 52 i.^ 
Of heeeding Nightingales. 
I ^Owards the end os the Spring, 
A which is the time os thesr last 
laying, catch a pair of the old birds. 
To which purpose find a nest, as was 
directed in Extract l. Then fet two 
traps baited with meal worms, very 
near the nestr thus you will soon have 
both cock and hen ; when you have 
brought them home along with the 
neSt and young ones, you are to pot 
them altogether into a dark clofet 
where not the least light can penetrate. 
Their meat and drink must be placed 
near them in two china cups, and in a 
third about fifty meal worms ; and 
every day at the fame hours you must 
do as has been prescribed for nightin-
gales newly taken a and thus you will 
soon have the Satisfaction of feeing the 
cock and hen fetch the meat and meal 
worms to feed their young ; their meat 
Should be one half bread, the other bruis-
ed hempfeed, and minced boil'd beef, 
with a little patslev, and now and then 
Some yolk of egg build hard ; or the 
paste which l shall hereafter defcribe, 
mixt with equal parts of raw sheep's 
heart, or beeS finely minced, first clear-
ing away very carefully all the skin, 
fat, and sinews. The affection these 
creatures have for their young ones 
causes them, without a moments regret 
of their lost liberty, immediately fo Set 
about nursing them up in their prison. 
As soon as they can feed themselves, 
you may put the cock and hen in two 
separate cages, where they are to be 
kept the whole winter till the next 
spiing. But in cafe the eggs should 
not be hatch'd when you take the old 
ones, you must be content with the 
birds only, which you are to keep Se-
parate, as l have Said, but in the Same 
dark closet where you purpose they 
shall lay eggs the next Spring, that So 
they may be us'd to the place, for 
which end you may Sometimes Suffer 
them to get oat oS their cages, and 
thusyou willhave a pair osnightingales 
prepar'd in every respect for home 
breeding at the proper seaion. 
The iiext year about the beginning 
of April, open the cages for the whole 
season, and about the closet statter dry 
cak leaves, piek'd dog s grafs, and deer's 
bait, 
^AGA^l^B 
hair, with one or two old nightingales 
neSts- In the corner of the closet near 
the window, stick fast two or three 
branches of Slender dry twigs, tied 
slightly together, letting the lower end 
rest on the floor. Then take some 
handfulls of the oak leaves and stuff 
them among the twiggy leaving open 
the passage where your hand went in, 
for an entrance to the nightingales ; 
you must likewife place near at hand 
a Small wooden tray full oSordinary gar-
den mould, and a Small shallow earthen 
pan os water Sor them to bathe them-
felves in, which should he renewed e-
very day. This pan however must he 
taken away when the hen Sits. The 
suuationoS the cloSet should be towards 
the South, So as to be expos'd as much 
as may be to thelunshine, and skreened 
from the north wind. I have known 
persons of curious taste, inclose a pair 
of nightingales in a grand aviary, or 
cage built on purpose, in a proper cor-
ner of a garden, and Surrounded with 
little yew trees, maples, and liliacks, 
where they-built their nest and brought 
tap their young as well as in the open 
country. 
With the above precautions you will 
find the oeconomy of your nightingales 
highly diverting. And, if the cloSet 
looks into a garden, you may Safe-
ly venture to take out a pane of the 
window glass, and leave the old ones at 
liberty to go out and return, which 
they will not fail to do whilst their 
young ones are incapable of Seeding 
themselves. At first however it will be 
best not to trust them out both together, 
but the cock by himSelf, and then the 
hen by herself, and at last both toge-
ther ; observe too that the hole they 
pafa through should he as near the nest 
as may he. By this management you*ll 
have the pleasure of hearing the cock 
sing almost continually day and night 
in your garden, whilst the hen is sitting, 
and they will have the opportunity of 
procuring a thousand little infects after 
the eggs are hatch *d, wherewith to feed 
their young. You must be cautious 
of vilitingthe closet too oSten, especially 
whilst you allow them the liberty of 
the garden, and it Should he the businefs 
of only one person to look after them, 
which will make them the more fami-
liar. But it is necessary above all that 
neither dog, cat, mouse, or rat, should 
ever disturb lhem> for any of lhefe 
would infallibly drive them away so as 
never to return again, 
How to hring up young Nightingales with-
out the Cock or Herr. 
You must get a nest of the first lav-
ter> as being ever the most stout aad 
vigorous birds, and consequently the 
best singers, and the least liable to sail 
in their meoulting. The nest should 
not be taken till the birds are pretty 
strong, and when taken should be car-
ried home in a dark balket, with only 
a few breathing holes. To feed them 
properly is a delicate point, to give them 
too much or too little is equally dan-
gerous. Their gaping wide is no indi-
cation that they want meat, for this 
they will do whenever you come righ 
them, or touch their nest ; provided 
you understoed well their language, 
their cry would be the most significant 
token, but if you do not, it will be best 
to observe the following directions. 
About halfan hour after fun rising, give 
them their first feed, the second an hour 
after, and so on by the hour till fun-set ; 
the last feed should be somewhat more 
plentiful than the rest. They Should 
be fed with a skewer flatted at the end ; 
give them but sour mouthsuls at a time 
though they would take more, even to 
bursting.* be litre likewise not to mis-
take one for another, else some may 
be starved and others over cramm d. 
At a months end, or sooner if they are 
of the first layter, they will be able to 
to feed themselves, which you may 
know by presenting a fmall meal worm 
to them, you may then separate them 
in different cages. The young ones 
being so far brought up, yon may, set 
perfecting their song, carry them 1rito 
the country to hear the old nightingales 
sine-, else they will Scarce answer the 
trouble which has been take^abaut them 
st G tl 8 T, IJ^ 11^ 
^t least you mult wait a long while be-
fore they will be able to entertain you 
to your liking I know a fancy er who 
has been thefe twenty years bringing 
up nightingales from the Seeding stick, 
of which he always has a large stock 
by him, some of them he has had 
twelve years and may be called tolera-
bly good, but no ways equal to thole 
bred in the country. There is howe-
ver an easier way for such as are alrea-
dy provided with old nightingales tak-
en with the trap, and kept a whole 
year or more. Take a nest of young 
roues and place them in the Same eham-
her with an old nightingale. Begirt 
Seeding the young ones with the stack 
and leave the old one's cage open day 
and night, taking care to place a Small 
pat ofthe young ones meat (that is the 
paste mixt with minc'd beef or mut-
ton) close to his own seeding trough. 
This done, ifyou suffer the young ones 
to cry a little while before you pruoceed 
fo Seed them, you will Soon perceive the 
old bird to go out oshis cage, chirp to 
the young ones, fill his bill with their 
paste, and Seed them. When therefore 
a: your morning visit, you find that he 
has been distributing mate tothe young 
ones, you may trust that business to 
him entirely, Sor he will feed them till 
they cati Seed themSelves t Or you may 
afterwards have the pleasure of Seeing 
them eat with him at the fame pot, 
and follow him into his cage Put 
them then into Separate cages. Ifyou 
pursue this method as I have done 
with success, and may be practis'd up-
on various other birds, as fparrows and 
goldfinches, you may fpare yourself the 
pains of attending your young nightin-
gales, which requires a deal of time 
fatigue. The old bird will take 
^ rod or better care of them than you 
^an, and besides will teach them their 
song. 
1 will add, that iS you chuse this way 
ofhringing them up, it will he hest to 
^ovide your Self with a hen, and keep 
^ a whole year in a cage, in order to 
^ a nurfe, uoder which management 
never fails to prove one, whereas 
a cock often fails in this point of duty. 
nor does he ever sing as long as he is 
en^ace'd in it, 
Ofthe 
time at 1 manner ofteachingyoung 
a^ightingriles tunes by whistling, or the 
Flageolet. 
IF the reader remembers the story I 
receited from Gesuer, he may be pudge 
himfelf, whether it may be a thing 
practicable to learn nightingales a tune 
by whistling or the flageolet, after keep-
ing them forae months to tlieir lesson ; 
Since tunes are Surely far more natural-
ly adapted to the structure of" their 
throats and tongues, than the pronoun-
elation oS articulate Sounds. Moreover 
this bird is poffess'd of Suah a variety of 
modulations oS voice, that he is oS all 
others the best qualified Sor learning and 
performing different Sorts os tunes. 
And tho'l mult allow his natural Song 
to out do any thing that can be added 
to it by art, yet iS you wou'd out of 
curiosity teach him a tune or two, this 
most be your way. 
When you perceive by the chirping 
ofa young one, that he is a cock, put 
him into a caoe covered with esreen a-
Serge ; and let him hang in a chamber 
quite out ofthe hearing of nightingales, 
as well as of all other birds. For the 
first week let him be kept nearthe win-
dow, or the lightest part of the room, 
then remove him by degrees backward 
to the darkest part, where he must re. 
main all the time of his learning, nor 
must he.be annoyed or diverted by any 
kind of noise whatsoever, nor disturbed 
by peoples coming near him. His 
tune should not be whistled or piped to 
him too osten ; half a doeen leSfons a 
day will be fully sufficient, two in the 
morning, two at noon, and as many in 
the evening. Two several tunes are 
enough for one bird. The flageolet 
should he os the softest and melloYvest 
teone, and neat of too high a pitch. I 
must again insist upon the necessity of 
keeping a young nightingale apart, as 
feoon as he is able to feed, if your inten-
tion be to learn him a tune, And ano-
ther tiling l aiu to admonish the reader of 
that 
that notwithstanding he has kept con-
stantly whistling or piping to his bird e-
ven to his moulting ti me, without hearing 
any thing from him in return, more than 
a fittle chirping,yet this shouldnot dis-
courage him. The birds voice is Sel-
dom sorm'd before the enfuing Spring, 
and therefore his lessons should be con-
tinued without intermission.' When 
that SeaSon arrives, you will find to your 
equal Surprise and delight that your 
Scholar has not forgotten his instructions. 
I have known it happen that when the 
piping has been neglected all the autumn 
and winter, out of rneer despair, the 
nightingale has notwithstanding ofhis 
own accord struck into his tune, and 
gone thro* a good part of it at the be-
ginning of the Spring. 
I have obferv'd that it is naturally 
more eily Sor a nightingale to learn to 
sing a tune than to Speak : however we 
have another instance, besides Gesaer's, 
of' talking nightingales. Pliny aSSures 
ns that the emperor Ciandius's children 
bad Some which Spoke Greek and Latin. 
and had Some new discourse every dav, 
and he adds, that to bring them up to 
this they must be instructed in Secret 
where they can hear none but their 
preceptor's voice. 
Mr. Una ^tr, 
A Taylor in this Country having lately 
^^become a Teacher, is said to have ut-
tered his first dechimeition in the follow-
ing terms, whiebyou are desired to insert 
sor the entertainment ofyour readers. 
Leicestershire, Yours, &c. 
Aug. 20. DEMoCRlTUs. 
BELOVED, 
^I^HE wicked possibly may holdhim 
in contempt, who having long 
laboured on the hoard to adorn the out-
ward man, has at length mounted the 
seat of instruction, and applied his la-
bours to enlighten the inward. But 
this, my beloved, is no new thing in 
the earth, and it does indeed appear 
probable that there is some secret con-
nection between the employment 
which adorns the horly, and that whirls 
adorns the mind, not only si arm analogy, 
there being confessedly Such connection 
between the mind and the body, hut 
Srom facts. Beloved, fohn oS LeyL. 
was a taylot, Srotn a taylor.be becante 
a prophet, and Snom a prophet a king; 
as a king indeed he went a little be-
yond his measure, Sor raisin^ an array 
to defend the cause, he Sell into the 
^aantis of the ungodly, his kingdom 
was rent from him, and the thecal of 
his liSe was cut Short- Beloved, Raise 
who was 'Squire to the Samous lluai-
heass, the first oS the Society for refor-
mation of manners, was a taylor ; he 
was, beloved, a tavlor by birth, and 
yet he could unravel not only stuff, hut 
mieteries, with as much eafe as he could 
theeada neeelle ; and Ralph was not alone 
in those days os light and liberty, for 
it was then common, even for botchers, 
to leave old cloatha, and to turn and 
patch the church. 
As my profession has been famoes 
for inventing new patterns of religion 
and discipline, I doubt not but that 1 
shall appear to every one who has a 
shued of understanding to be cut out for 
tire employment which l have choSen, 
os ripping up your ill conduct, examin-
ing bad habits, and plucking out errors 
like broken stitches from an old gar-
ment, and I shall distribute my know-
ledge among you not by nails but hf 
ellr t I have been advised by some. 
with a sheer of contempt, to cut tat 
coat according to mv cloth, and told t^at 
tho' I may think my goose like a swan. 
yet that l have a greater resemblance 
to it myself, sor that l am het and fra-
ey ; my understanding is said to be ^ 
scanty pattern .• I am reproached with 
dealing only in straps os learning, aid 
with being able to produce nothing hot-
ter than pattcb-wcerk ; but thefe itt^' 
dious reflections l value not a button, 
have loop holes enough to creep out st, 
and l despise the railing of my ad^ 
sariesas fishy rags. ^l doubt not lsss 
that I shall be able to fashion the ^ 
AUGUST, 
of my hearers So as to gain their appro-
bation, and to seit my doctrines So well 
to their Sancies that they shall own they 
were never heater fitted. Sand heloved, 
1 cut out without a pattern, tor what 
have l to do with thoSe oS the professi-
on who wrought i 7oo years ago ! they 
might give Satisfaction in their days, 
but iS l should follow them 1 should 
certainly spot'/ rny work.a Old things, 
my beloved, are past away and all 
things are become new. I shall not 
therefore attempt further to stretch your 
patience, but conclude my present 
work by prestrng you to let the points, 
which I have handled, prick your hearts, 
and stick in your minds. Pin your 
faith, my dear brethren, upon my 
steeve, and he affured that I will ap-
prove myself a good workman and 
make reasonable bills. 
For the Benesit of rura/ Squires, aeasemi-
ca/ Smarts, military Petits Afaitres, 
semrny Cits, obsequious Courtiers, co-
^aaettish old Ladies, and gallanting old 
Beaux. 
/Pill shortly be pub/ish'd, 
BODILY COMPLIMENTS ; or 
A Treatise on all Kind ofCorrgeast, Com t-
fies, Bows, Scrapes, Cringes, Chaps, 
Carssas, 
CONTAINING, 
l. Obfervations and criticisms on all 
the forms of corporal Obeysance now 
in vogue, at every affembly, from 
an imperial congress, to a rural gof-
fiping. 
^ Reflections on bugs, &c. 
3. A dissertation on ftniles, simpers, o-
gles, and glances. 
4 Animadversions on the modern use 
ofthe fan, Sword, and Snuffbox. 
5- Remarks on the talents os Some os 
the most debunnair beaux, and belles 
of the age. 
6 A diffuafiye against all obfequious 
formalities at church, between gen-
tlemen and ladies of whatever denco-
mmation, shewing them to be egre-
glously absurd and impertinent, 
IV. 
7. Proposals for the better regulatin 
of that erer fashionable ceremony 
the it iss. 
S. Rules whereby a person of a tolera-
ble genius may, in six weeks time, 
without the help of a master, make 
himself a persect adept in these gen-
teel accomplishments. 
9. General directions for the graceful 
adjustment of the limbs upon all oc-
casions. With several other curious 
particulars. 
By the Chevalier R t G A D o o n . 
A^. B. The whole is to be illustrated 
with variety of copper-plates, represen-
ting the various positions, postures, and 
attitudes, becoming a proficient in this 
polite faculty. 
Monsieur UaaAN, 
lfyou'll please to give the above notice 
in yourfirst Magazine, itsha/lhe dedicated 
to yourself, yolar friend the hastseder final 
have the puhlicatiou, and both of you the 
thark,- of your most ohedient humhle ser-
veint, 
LoUVRE FlG^DOCN. 
lssay on Spirit vindicated. 
SIRS, June 7, 1752. 
| Beg leave to declare my sentiments 
| concerning an important point of 
religion, in such manner, l hope, as 
may a little abate the obstinacy of those 
who call themselves orthodeX, and pre-
vail, with them to change either their 
opinion or their expression ; and l make 
no excuse for offering to do it in your 
Mag becatise you either are, or aSfect 
to be esteemed impartial and candid : 
and • candour requires that every thing 
< should be view'd in the most favoura-
< ble light' 
OS all things, religion deserves most 
to be So view'd : to be rightly Seen, and 
truly understood The Bible, is fo 
called eminently, as containing the 
whole sum of trne religion. Neverthe-
less as it is also represented to contain 
ducttsnes inconsistent and contrary, and 
O mm 
^ MAGA^I^E ^^AGA^l^lES, 
men are hated, vilified, and damned, 
who neitber believe nor pretend to be-
lieve contradictions, many Sensible, ho-
nest, and Sincere men must view it in a 
very unfavourable light. But who is 
to be blamed, they, who thus view, 
or they who thus repreSent ? 
The learned Gent. who in May Mag. 
censures the estay on Spirit, appears to 
be one of those, who Seem, vet only 
seem to reverence the authority os this 
facred bonk, which either willfully or 
unwittingly they make void, by Sup-
posing it to contain contradictory pro-
positions. Thus by a strange incon-
sistency they wou'd Seem to establish 
truth, yot really destroy that authority, 
by which alone they pretend it can be 
established. 
Gnd is one. This nniey is Simple, ab-
solute, perfect The Bihle asserts it ; 
reason confirms, and demonstrates it. 
All distinction, with division, or with-
out division, doth equally destrov this 
idea, or notion oS unity. The first is 
impossible; the last impossible and ab-
surd. Examine it as you pleaSe, in all 
the heights os rapture, astonishment, 
and admiration ; in all the warmth of 
joy, praise, and gratitude ; in all the 
confidence of faith, hope, and depen-
dence ; view it in the beautiful forms 
os virtue and benevolence ; consider 
it in the calm stillnessof truth and.rea-
e Son, with all the accuracy and minute 
diligence of critical inquiry; still the 
mind sees, and seels, and owns only 
one a One supreme mind .• who forms, 
Supports, and governs all things by im-
mediate power. wisdom, and goodness. 
Can a multiplicity of person Subsist in 
. one person ? oS Spirit in one Spirit ^ dis-
tinguished, not divided 1 differenced 
• not separated 1 iS any man be indeed 
Sincere when he ufeth such expressions 
of -Deity, l blame not hiscapacity, but 
s commend rather, and would imitate 
u his sincerity ; yet this l require (and 
- Snrely with the greatest reason) that 
neither wotkld he blame nor condemn 
mine. He cannot be so affurld of Tri-
nity as of Deity ; nor even oS this can 
he be more aSfurld, than that the best 
end purest worship of Cod consists in 
Spirit and in truth ; in justice and good* 
will to man. 
I therefore desire this Gent. if la 
pleases to explain his meaning, wheii 
he affirms that Daisy is preserved by a 
distinction without a division. Try, Sir, 
if you can make this intelligible when 
apply ld to any orlier subject; except 
only wbere attributes or qualities ate 
distinguished. Can the divine unity he 
indeed maintained on no other princi-
ples but of Athanastus; who expreSsly 
asserts a friplicity ; and loaded too with 
acontradictien, that srrplierty is unity! 
is one, B one, C one; yet A. B. C. are not 
theeebut ones can there be in the Bible 
ample proof of theee Godi, and ofurt 
God only ? And doth not one of thise 
propositions destroy the other ? And is' 
both he admitted, must not the autho-
rity sail, which is pretended to Support 
them ? Can any nran be believe^ 
can any man believe himfeif, when he 
pretends to believe a contradiction i 
For my own part, I should think Elain 
way as advancing biblical authority on 
the abuse of reason, must greatly dimi-
nish the influence of both, and tend to 
propagate the most contrary errors of 
atheism, polytheism, and idolatry 
This effect it hath always had ; it al-
ways will have. It is the greatest op-
position, which man can make, to that 
hely s^i^dt. by whole influence and di-
rection, if observed, we are led as^ 
guided into all truth. 
The capital point then to be fixed, 
is So to interpret seripture, as to make 
it consistent with itself, and with reaju, 
if it be inconsistent, and contrary to it-
Self, the authority is made void ; if t^ 
reason, ^ becomes not only useless, laut 
hurtful. 
Scerre Account of a Pamphlet, inlitled, ^ 
letter to the Mayor and Corpora^ ^ 
Deal in Kent, in relation to their ^se' 
uisn upoe the Trinity. 
T^Y this pamphlet it appears that 
L^ there having been a dispute be-
tween, Dr. Carter, minister of the cha^l 
at Deal, and the mayor and corporation, 
about 
a^P A ^ G ^ S T, IJ^. ' 
about the power of making a parish 
clerk, in which Dr. Carter absolutely 
refused to give up hia right, the mayor 
and corporation, to gratify their resent-
ment, prelented him in the spiritual 
court for not reading the creed of St. 
dthanastus : for they knew that as the 
ldr's integrity was not to be shaken by 
interest, they should be thus able to in-
jure him in his fortune, by obliging bim 
to keep a curate. How far the making 
a man's virtue the instrument of his 
punishment, for mere difference of opi-
nion^ will contribute to the honour, ei-
ther ol the mayor and corporation as 
agents, or the law winch upon this oc-
calioh, they have used as an instrument, 
the public must determine. 
But the author of this pamphlet not 
billing to think lea meanly us a worship-
Sal mayor and aldermen, as that they 
have no opinion, properly their own. 
on the point in question, nor any know-
ledge upon which Such opinion can be 
Sounded, has afforded them an oppor-
tunity, not only os justifying their con-
tla^l, but of removing the errors, which 
n want as knowledge has produced in 
silejudgment of others, by poblickly 
^nesting that they will explain what 
they are Supposed perfectly to under-
hand, and in particular, answer the 
following queries : 
i • Upon what grounds does the church 
of England adhere So inviolably to a 
Sorm of faith, composed nobody knows 
^y whom, and introduced into the 
church in the darkest ages of popery ? 
2. Do not the damning clauses, ac-
cording to the most obvious Sense and 
meaning of the words, relate to the ex-
Slannatory passages ? Are they not So 
understood by nine in ten oS thofe who 
repeat them ? Were not they evidently 
^ intended, if doctrines are explained, 
that they inay be received and assented 
^ according tothat explanation ? And 
^ ^hey are not explained for this pur-
lase, for what other purtoose are they 
plained ^ 
3- OurSaviourin Mrrrkxiii. 32,say^. 
^ ^thet dry and hour knoweth no marz 
^r a^ which are in heaven, nor 
hut the ju tha. In this passage 
is there not a regular climax. in which 
the Speaker begins with the lowest or-
der of intelligent beings, and ascenda 
gradually to the highest^ in which the 
knowledge as the day of judgment is 
denied; firtt to men, then to angels, then e 
to the Son of God ^ And docs not the 
order of the climax require that we 
take what is denied os the fon, as deni-
ed as him in that nature in which be is 
superior to angels ^ Can it he Supposed 
that our saviour should first exclude the 
whole race of mankind in the aggregate. 
then rise to the angels. alter this go back-
ward and exclude such a particular man. 
4. If it be said, -that the analogy of 
scripture makes it necessary that the 
passages in scripture which appear to 
confute the doctrine of Athrarrasiut. 
Should be accomodated to those which 
confirm it, would it not be as reasona-
ble to say that the analogy as Scripture 
makes it necessary that the pastagea 
which confirm these dectrines, should 
be accommodated to those that confute 
them, if the sense of both was equally 
clear and determined^ And is there not 
wanting in the texts produced for the 
Athanasainr that clear and determined 
Sense which is Sound in those that are 
produced against them ? r 
5. IS thefe and other arguments be 
not admitted as a decisive proof against 
the Athanafians, may they not be consi-
dered as a reasonable foundation of 
dealt ? 
6c IS the reasonableness oS dealt be 
admitted, is not the uSe of the Athana-
fian creed precluded^ For can any 
thing be worse than dooming a man to 
certain damnation, when that very gos-
pel, which we all profess to make the 
rule of our judgment, Supplies reasons 
to dealt whether he shall be damned or 
not ^ 
7. Can- there be a stronger proof o^ 
any doctrine's berng disputalle than its 
being disputed by great and good men. 
with equal zeal and tenaciry r And do 
not Dr. Water landand Dr. Clank- among 
many others, deserve this character ? . 
8. Did not the council as Nice un-
derstand the words and ts^ -
Ctza.^ as fynonimous ^ Did not they 
subjoin a clause at the end of their creed 
anathemizing ail who should say, That 
the son existed ont of any other hypostasis 
or usta than the father, o and detll not 
the Athauasian creed assert on the con-
trary, That there is one hypostasis of the 
father, another of the son, Why was 
the clause in the Nicene crecd rejected. 
and that of Athanasius received r 
9 What is the difference between a 
person and a being ? 
1o. Was the generation of the son 
an act of the father t If fo, did the fa-
ther act necessarily or by choice ^ If ne-
cessarily, he must he considered as an 
instrument only in the hand os some su-
perior power ; if by choice he might 
have chosen nos to have acted t 
-11. Upon what grounds do writers 
insist so much upon the necessity of the 
belief of the Athauasiau doctrine to a 
good life t If they would be understood 
to fay, that a belief of the doctrine is 
necesfary in a christian's System of 
faith, is not ibis begging the question.^ 
Can the faith of a christian be defective 
which includes every truth that he be-
lieves God has distinctly proposed to it t 
Or can it be his duty to embrace any 
dectrine merely of revelation further 
than it is proved to be clearly revealed 
Is not pressing the importance of a doc-
trine as revealed, hesure the certain re. 
velatlon of it has been proved, begin-
ing at the wrong end of the lylogifin, 
and deducing the premises from the 
conclusion t 
The writer of this pamphlet after 
thefe, and some other queries of lefs 
weight, declares his own opinion in the 
following terms : 
< Whoever sincerely helieves that 
Juses is, in asensein which no other be-
ing ever was, the son os God ; that he 
ctame into the world to lay down h is 
lise for the fins of men ; and that ac-
ceptance is only to be obtained through 
his merits and intercession, and who, in 
consequence of this fartll, conforms his 
life to the law of Christ—such an one 
^eems to do all that is of Importance 
towards his salvation ; he fulfills the 
n bee Essay on Spirit. 
conditions, and thereby answers the end, 
oS the covenant,' 
Remedies for Couvruseons in Children. 
a S lately 1 looked over a weekly bill of men. 
tasiry, 1 pereeiv'd that out of ^rtt, ^eo 
were carried off by oonvralSrons, most of wherr 
1 fuppoSe were children. ConvulSrons in chil-
dren, before dentition, generally proceed froe, 
sh^rp, irritating humours, generated in their 
prima tun, by Irving chiefly on aceScent fuo^, 
these fits are preceded by geipings, ^reen stsoSr, 
tar. And 1 helieve, there is no disorder inci-
dent to human bodies. which will admit of a 
more Speedy aid certain etnre than these e-orr-
vulSrons. by the following greioriptinn • sor S 
never knew a chid have a Single fat after hav-
ing once taken it, though 1 have always di-
rected the powders to be administered two or 
three days at proper intervals. 
Take an ounce of white segar-candyis 
sine pot uder, deop in it 1 2o deops of the 
best oyl of annisced, rub them together is 
a mortar, 
then mix with them an ourrre 
of seerma-ceti in potuders^—The dese is 20 
grains in a hiltle heeast mir^, once in 3 or 
4 hours, or ossener, if the nneasinofr of 
fhe child requires it. Yours, &c. BENEVOLUl. 
The Pleasure and Prosit ofshe Hop Gara^t 
By T. Bowles, D. D. 
^mnia seat paribus numerr dirnenle mamm r 
Non anemu m niodo uti pafint prefpectnr iicanenr ; 
Sed ^uia non a 'tier vires dahit omnibus aquas 
7irra, ueyaee in vacuum psterieut si eateudere ra-
ving. Genrg. I. 2. 
Hops, reformation, baiz. and beer, 
Came into England all in a year. 
d^l Ardening began with the world, 
^^ and was the employment of its 
first inhabitant, who was placed in she 
terrestrial paradise Sor cultivating it, 
and enjoying its first fruits a and, when-
ever we dtlengage oursclves Srom nor 
common occupations, and can breathe 
in freedom Sor a Sew moments, we ate 
Sensible oS a Secret propensity to g^ 
dening, as an emplovment that natu-
rally fills the mind wish calmness and 
tranquility, lays al! its turbulent paSh' 
ons at rest, and conducts us to ever^ 
social virtue. The art has had, m ^ 
A D G tl 8 T, 17^ 
ages, and in all parts of the world, 
Some of the greatest princes, the wisest 
philosophers, the chieS politicians, and 
bravest warriors, as well as the most 
humble vulgar, for its admirers. The 
two most cclebrated writers of the 
world have each of them left us a par-
ticular picture of a garden, wherein 
those great masters, berng wholly un-
confined, and painting at pleasure, may 
be thought to have given a full idea 
of what they esteemed the most excel-
lent in the art of gardening, The Pie-
ces we are Speaking of, are Homer's ac-
count of the garden os A/cinoUs, and 
Pirad'S of that of the old Corycian. But, 
as Hops are now become the subject 
oS a very considerable commerce, So 
they will particularly claim our care 
and regard, and the public utility de-
mands it. The works os the hop-gar-
den may be then most conveniently di-
vided according to the four Seasons oS 
the year, which are called Spring, Sum-
met, autumn, and winter. And in this 
methnd l shall give Such instructions, 
which may be utesul to the public, and 
acceptable to all contemplative and in-
genuus gentlemen, there being nothing, 
in the rural employments, that under 
prudent management, turns to more 
profitable gains, or produces a more 
pleasant amuSement, 
Begin then the Spring with courage 
and conduct, So Shall the winter be 
crowned ^vith riches. Plant your hops 
in the beginning oS this Season, allow-
ing three roots to a hill, and let the 
centers of the hop-hills be regularly 
disposed at nine seet distance from each 
other, that the fun may the more free-
ly and universally pass through the gar-
den ; for the more circumambient air 
a hill has, the more generous it will be 
in its growth and productions. Hops 
growing close to hedges are more sub-
ject to blights and honey-dews, there-
fore plant at the distance of ten feet 
from them, by which means you may 
lay out a pleasant grass-walk rouodthe 
garden. In the choice of roots for 
planting, chose the largest, about five 
or fix inches in lengths containing three 
joints, and of the last year's growth^ 
their teoder fibres being pared away 
If the set or plant has more than three 
joints, the Shoots will be too weak. 
The manner of planting is to put three 
sets close together in the center of eve-
ry bill, their topr being even one with 
another, level with the Sursace oS the 
grouod, and covered about two or three 
inches thick with the finest virgin 
mould. Hop-Sets are cuttings Srom the 
roots or branches which grow from the 
main stock, the old bind and hollow 
part of the set heing cut off In the 
first year, Set two rows oS beans be-
tween the hills, as well to yield some 
profit, asto shelter the young buds Srom 
the heat oS the Sun. In the Second 
year, open the hills with a Small pick-
axe, and dress the roots, cutting off the 
horizontal fibers, that none be left to 
run into the intervals and weaken the 
hills. This likewiSe will restrain the 
hopr from too early Springing, where-
by they berorne liable to the blast. 
When the hops are thus dressed, let ^ 
Sour strong vines he left three or Sour 
inches long, and let the hills he made 
up a Soot high : but the hills are not 
to he com pleated at first, Sor he that 
does so, excludes himSels from admini-
stering Succour to the plants any time 
after. Provide three poles to each hill, 
when the hops have Sprouted abuut six 
inches : the poles, which are best fitted 
Sor this porpofe, are tboSe oS aider, to 
which the hopr most willingly and na-
turally incline. IS the Soil be rich and 
the bop vigorous, the poles must he 
eighteen Seet in length, otherwise the 
best part oS the profit will he lost 
The poles are to he plaeed at equal 
distances, near the outside of the hills. 
with their topr inclining a little out-
wards ; as it is a matter of observation. 
that a leaning pole bares more hops 
than one that is upright ; and let thetn 
he open towards the South, that the 
Sun may the better compass them. Lead 
two or three wyars or runners of the 
bop-vines to the poles, cutting down 
and destroying all the rest^ and tin 
th^sn 
^ ^IAGA^l^E ^MAGA^I^ES, 
them up loose with withered rushes 
till they are out as reach. 
• Proceed gradually, in the Summer 
SeaSon, to makeup the bills. with cool 
and moist materials, sua the more the 
hop in its root is Shaded from the sun, 
the better it thrives. The- hops must 
be artetaaled to. in order to guide them 
to their pulea, if they happen to tor Sake 
them. Suppress all superfluous shoots. 
and, is the hop has not attained to the 
top oSthe pole before the midst of July, 
you will do well to cut off the top of 
the hup, or divert it from the pole ; 
that the residue of the growing season 
may Serve to the maintenance and in-
crease of the branches Yvhich bear the 
hopr. If the vines are perceived to 
out-run their pile, Some put an auxili-
ary one into the ground for catching 
the over-shooting vine, and Supporting 
its growth till the fathering time. In 
the Summer leafon keep interspaces clear 
os weeels, by which the hop will he 
made to shout stronger, bloorn better, 
become larger, and enabled to resist 
blights, arid the damage os insects, be-
yond those that want this good husban-
dry ; and hereby a ^reat fertility wall 
be added to the hop-reoots, whilst the 
ground is at the Same time kept under 
a constant tilth. 
Proceed we now to the blessings of 
the autumn Season, in the begining of 
which the leaves are to he stripped 
Srom the vines, two or three Suet above 
gronnd. and likewise the Superfluous 
branches ; which will give the hop 
more air and Sun, and the branches, 
which carry the hop, will be better 
nourished. IS a blast happens, take off 
all the leaves, as Sar as you can reach. 
Hopr never Sail os ripening in the 
month as September ; the hills are there-
fore now to he compleatly finished t 
their maturity is kaiown Srom their 
brownish colour; and when they fori 
hard, they are easily rubbed in pieces, 
and Smell Sragram. You must then 
begin to gather. in gesod weather, arid, 
when the hop is dr^, cutting the hopr, 
about two or three luet above the 
ground, and thawing up the poles. 
TIie hops must he carefully picked, 
Yvithout any stalks Or leaves among 
theru : tiae common way is, to provide 
a fiame oS strong wood. of nine Seet 
long, and about four feee wide, and a-
lsout three feet high from the grout id, 
uoon which Should be fastened with 
hooks a piece os coarse cloth, .to hang 
hollow in the frame .As fast as they 
are picked they must be dried, the kiln 
lotting first .'.arm t let the hops be at 
least six inches thick upon the haircloth, 
and eight or ten hours at most will dry 
a kiln of hops t the fire should be kept 
gentle and moderate, and of a oonstant 
heat. If you turn them. while they 
Sweat, they will burn and grow disco-
loured ; to prevent which, keep the 
fire low Yvheta you turn them : it is 
easily known when they are well dried, 
by the beittlenesaos the stalks, and the 
ready falling off ofthe hop-leaves: and. 
when shev have bern kept close from 
the air till they Seel moilt. they are 
then fit for the bag. The hopr not 
ripening all at once, there are general-
ly three gatherings ; the first gathering 
may be distinguished by the greenness 
as the hop; the Second, which is el-
teemed the best, by the yellowness ; 
and thethirdby the browness; the first 
being not quite ripe, the Second ripe and 
the thirdover-ripe. A year os' Scarcity 
may always turn to the planter's advan-
tage, because it consumes the whole 
stock oshopr, empties the country, and 
makes room Sor a good price the vear 
following. So that thev who can forbear 
the money, and lay up their hopr in a 
plentiful year, will be well paid for their 
forbearance. Preserve vour poles by 
stacking them up in the form us a py-
ramid, Setting up six pules in a circular 
form, by letting them into the ground 
with an iron crow, and inclining to 
one another So as to meet with their 
topr : let them he tied Sast together, 
with ropes os hop hawm, within ayatd 
osthe top ; and against this frame set 
up the poles. ahout three hundred to a 
pyramid and bind them ahout with ^ 
little twisted hawm to keep them to-
gether. But the best way is to build a 
.^r AUGUST, 17^^. i^7 
shed in the hop garden, w'nich may 
serve both as a shelter for piecing the 
hops, and for preserving the poles. It 
may be particularly observed, that the 
lower part of any hop-garden, iS moist 
and wet. should be dug and dressed a-
hcoat Michaelmas, cutting the bind 
within an inch or two of the top oS 
the hill, and then laying upon each hill 
same fine earth about three inches thick; 
but let it be entirely dry, and very 
light and rich-
Carry in manure in the winter to-
wards the strengthening os the hills, 
and dig the avenues, that the hills may 
be renewed by the use oS dung well 
mixed with a natural Soil. A plentiful 
dunging will Serve Sor three years, is 
the Soil be tolerably gond. On the 
east, west, and north sides os she hop-
garden set and preserve alders, and cut 
and regulate alder poles for the pur-
pose they are designed —The whole 
charge oS an acre oS hop ground is 
computed thus t 
I. s. d. 
Eor husbandry — — 3 o o 
Eur the wear oSpoles — 4 o o 
For picking and drying — 5 o o 
Ear manure — — t l o o 
Eor rent — ——loo 
Eur tythe — — — o io o 
In all, yearly, — a 5 o o 
The husbandry part takes in the 
Simmer and winter digging of the 
ground, the pruning and dressing the 
hops and hills, the poling and tying, 
Several hoeings and making up the hills 
from time eotime. laying the dung on 
the ground, and all other work except 
she bringing the dong to the ground, 
and picking and drying the hops. 
Remarks on Avarice and Luxury. 
^ S)ST os the trades, professions, 
LV| and yyays as living among man-
ned, take their original either from the 
, of pleasure, or the sear of want. 
tileScsmer, when it becomes too vio-
lent, degenerates into Luxury, and the 
latter into Avarice. As these two prin-
ciples of action draw different ways, 
Persies has given us a very humorous 
account of a voung fellow who was 
rouSed out of his bed, in eeder to be 
sent upon a long voyage, by Ar.arice, 
and afterwards over persuaded and kept 
at home by Luxury. I shall see down 
at length the pleadings of these two i-
maginary persons, according to Mr. 
Dryelen's translation as them. 
Wherher alone, ose in thy harlot's lap. 
When ileon woald'st take a lary running's 
nap , 
Hp, up. fays Avarice p then sooar'ft trgain, 
Streteheft thy limbs, and y awn'ft, but all in 
vain. 
Tiro rugged tyrant no denial takes; 
At his oesm nand tlr' una illing iio-gard wakes e 
What must 1 do ? he erses: What ? fays his 
lord e 
Whyriie. make ready. and ge straight aho.rd 
With fish frerm bioes e seas, thy voSlrl, feingbr, 
Flax, eastoe, Ceras. wines. the pr.-rioai weight 
Of pepper, and Sa^ear. incenSe take 
With thy own hands, from the tiv'd ea-^ 
mel's back ; 
And with post haste thy running markets^ 
make. 
Be Sure to rum the ponoy - lye and Swear, 
•Tis wholsomfrn , bot Jor.- thou lay' it will 
hear. 
S w ear . fool, or starve ; for the Di!emner'sevent 
A tradesman thou e hope so get ro Heav'n? 
Reioly'd for sea. the slayer thy borage pock, 
F.aclr faddled with his burden on has bath; 
Nothing rerards thy voysge, now, but He, 
That soft veilupteioeas prinee easl'd larruey ; 
And he may ask this civil question t Friend 
What dost thou make a shipboard ? To what 
end. 
Art thou of B.rh'm's noble college free ? 
Stark, staring mad that thou wonld'St tempt 
the Sea, 
Cubb'd in a cubbin, on a mattrafs laid, 
O.r a brown Gevrg , with loiny 1 we^bers. sod ; 
De d wine, that stinks os the Borate. sop 
From a soul jaek, or gee .fy maple cup ? 
day, would st thou hear all this, to raise thy 
Store, 
From fax i'th' hundred to Sax hundred more ? 
Indulge, and to thy genius freely give : 
1 or, not to .ive at r.,se. is not to irve .• 
Death SlaSks behind eher, and each flying hottr 
Does So-ne loose remnant ofrhy life devour. 
Live, while thou siv'st ; for death wall snake 
us all 
A name, a nothing but rn old wise's tale. 
Speak. wilt thou .-tvarieoor Pl.afiere cfraese 
Tc be thy ford ? Take one, and one rrsut'e. 
When 
^ ^AGA^l^'E ^ 
When a government flourishes in 
conquests, and is secured from foreign 
Attacks, it naturally falls into all the 
pleasures of Luxury ; and as these plea-
sures are verv expensive, they put thole 
who are addicted to them upon raising 
fresh supplies of money, by all the me-
thods of rapaciousnels and corruption ; 
fo that Avarice and Luxury very oSten 
become one complicated principle of 
action, in thole, whose hearts are whol-
ly let upon Ease, Magnificence, and 
Pleasure. The most "elegant and cor-
rect ofall theLalin historians, oblerves, 
that in his time, when the most formi-
dable states of the world were Subdued 
by the Romans, the republiak Sunk into 
those two vices ol a quite different na-
ture, Luxury and Avarice: and ac-
cordingly describes Catiline as one who 
coveted the wealth of other men, at the 
Same time that he Squandered away his 
own. This observation on the com-
monwealth, when it was in its height 
of power and riches, holds good of all 
governments that are settled in a state of 
eaSe and profperity. At such times 
men naturally endeavour to outshine one 
another in pomp and fplendot, and ha-
ving no fears toalarm them fi om abroad 
indulge themselves in the enjoyments ol 
all the pleasures they can get info their 
possession ; which naturally produces 
Avarice, and an immoderate pursuit 
alter wealth and riches. 
As l was humouring myself in the 
speculation of these two great princi-
ples of action, I could not forbear 
throwing mythoughta into a little kind 
olallegory or fable, with which l shall 
here present my reader. 
There were two very powerful ty-
rants engaged in a perpetual war against 
each other : the name of the first was 
LeiXury, and of the Second Avarice. The 
aim of each of them was no less than 
aeiversal monarchy over the hearts oS 
mankind. Luxuav had many gene-
rals under him, who did him great Ser-
vice, as Pleasure, Mirth, Pomp and Fa-
sten. AvARlCE was likewise very 
strong in his officers, being saithsully 
served by lhenger, lndasty, Care, and 
Watcbsei/laess. He had likewise a pri-
vy counsellor who was always as his 
elbow, and whispering something or o-
ther it his ear : the name of this privy 
counsellor was Poverty. As Avarice 
conducted himfelf by the counsel tis 
Poverty, his antagonist was intireIy gui-
ded by the dictates and advice toS Plerry, 
who was his first counsellor and mini-
ster of state, that concerted all his mea-
sures for him, and never departed out col 
his fight. While these two great ri-
vals were thus contending for empire 
their conquests were very various. 
Levury got possession of one heart, and 
Avarice of another. The father of a 
family would often range himfelf under 
the banners of Avarice: and the son tin-
der those os Luxury. The wife and 
husband would often declare themselves 
on the two different parties ; nay, the 
same person would very often side with 
one in his youth, and revolt to the ci-
ther in his old age. Indeed the wife 
men of the world stund neuter ; but a-
las ! their numbers were not considera-
ble. At length, when these two poten-
tates had wearied themfelves wish wag-
ing war upon one another, they agreed 
upon an interview, at which neither of 
their counsellors were to be present. 
It is laid that Luxury began the parly ; 
and, after having represented the end-
less state of war, in which they were 
engaged, told his enemy, with a frank-
nesa ol heart which is natural to him, 
that he believed they two should he ve-
ry gond friends, were it not for the in-
stigations ol Poverty, that pernicious 
counsellor, who made an ill use ol hi^ 
ear, and filled him with gronndlels ap-
prehensions and prejudices. To this 
Avarice replied, that he looked upon 
Plenty, the first minister of his antago-
nist, to be a much more destructive 
counsellor than Poverty, for that he was 
perpetually suggesting Pleasures, banish-
ing all the necessary cautions against 
Want, and consequently undermining 
those principles on which the gores' 
ment of Avarice Wasfonnded Atla'r 
in order to an accommodation, tlay 
agreed upon this preliminary > ^ . 
.^trf AUGUST, IJ^ 
fisthem should immediately dismiss his 
privy counsellor When things were 
thus far adjusted towards a peace, all 
other differetaces were Soeon accomanao-
clated, insomuch that sor the suture 
they reSolved to live as goeod friends and 
confederates; and to share between 
them whatever conquests were made on 
either Side. For this reaSon, we now 
Surd Luxury and Avarice taking pofle-
iii.on of the Same heart, and dividing 
the Sane person between them. To 
which 1 Shall only arid, that since the 
discarding oS the counsellors abovemen-
tioned, Avarice Supplies Lezury iri the 
room of Plenty, as Luxury prompts A-
Vorice in the place of Poverty. 
To the Proprietors of the MAGAZliis E of 
MAGAZiNEs-
GENt LEsi EN, 
! fatter myself, with a suppfi.'ion that 1 
have often oblige/ the puh/ic, with col-
lections, which 1 merke in reading or con-
versation, wheresoever 1 observe any 
thing that is curious and uncommon, 
usesa/ or ente^rtaining in other periodica/ 
publications; which for the suture, / 
shall communicate by the means of the 
Mazazine of Magazines, iftheinclof-
ed extract from the French m.lnuseript 
Shell be sound acceptable form, 
Your constant reader. 
The M5. from whence the sallowing ex-
tract is made, contains several memoirs 
concerning that great statesman Moof 
Colbert, to whose fuperior genius and 
politics the present glory of France is 
much indebted He hnd the honour to 
he secretary ofsinte to his most christian 
Majesty, and superintendent, or chief 
director of the Arts anal Manufactures 
of his kingdom. 
af Comparison between the Revenues and 
Power of France and Holland-
|T happened that the king was one 
I day expressing 
his wonder to this 
minister, that the United Provinces 
should give him so much trouble, that ^ot,. IV. 
so great a monarch, as he was, should 
not be able to reduce so Small a state 
with half the power of his whole domi-
nions. To which Monsieur Colbert is 
laid to have made the following answer. 
Sit, 1 presume upon your indulgence 
to Speak what I have thought uponths 
subject with the freedom, which be-
comes a faithful Servant, and one who 
htes nothing more at heart than your 
majesty's glory and the prosperity os 
your whole people. Your territories 
are vastly greaser than the United Ne-
ther/and. ; but, Sit, it is iicat land that 
fights against land, but the strength and 
riches of one nation against the strength 
and riches oS another. 1 should have 
Said only riches, since 'tis money that 
Seeds and cloaths the Soldier, furnisher 
the magazine, provides the train of ar-
tillery, and answers the charge of all 
other military preparations. Now the 
riches of a prince or State. are just So 
much as they can levy upon their Sub-
jects, still leaving them Sufficient for 
their Subsistance. If this shall not be 
left, they will desert to other countries 
for better uSage ; and l am Sorry to Say 
it that too many of your majesty *s Sub-
jects are already among your neigh-
bours in the condition of Footmen and 
Vetlts for their daily bread ; many os 
our artizans too are sted from the seve-
rity of your collectors, and are at this 
timeimprovingthe manufactures of your 
enemies. France has lost the benefit os 
their hands for ever, and your majesty 
all hopes of any future excises by their 
consumption. For the extraordinary 
sums of one year, yeou have parted with 
an inheritance. I am never able, with-
out the utmost indignation, to think os 
that minister, who had the confidence 
to tell your father, his subjects were 
but too happy, that they were not yet 
reduced to eat grafs ; as if starving his 
people were the only way to free him-
self from their seditions. But people 
will not starve in France, as long 
as bread is to be had in any other 
country. How much more worthy of 
a prince was that saying of your grand-
father of glorious memory, that he 
.R hopes 
I^O ^ MAGA^Il 
hoped to see that day, when every 
houSe-keeper in his dominions should 
be able to allow his fanrilv a capon for 
their Sundizy*t supper. I lay down this 
therefore as my first principle, that 
your taxes upon your- subjects must still leave 
them fissaicntsear their substance, at least 
as comfortable a subsistence as they wist 
find among your neighbours. 
Upon this principle l shall be able 
tn make Soine comparison between the 
revenues of your majesty and those of 
the states general. Yur territories 
are near thirty times as great ; your 
people more than four times as many; 
yet your revenues are not thirty, no 
nor four times as great, nor indeed as 
great again as those of the United Ne-
therlands. 
In what one article are yon able to 
raise tYviae as much from your subjects 
as the states aan do from theirs ? Can 
you take twice as much from the rents 
oSthe lands and houses? What are the 
rents yearly of your whole kingdom ^ 
And how much 'of theSe will your ma-
jesty be able to take without ruining of 
the landed interest r You have Sir, a-
buve a hundred millions of acres, and 
not above thirteen millions of Subjects, 
einlat acres to every Subject ; how in-
culisiderable must be the value of land, 
where fo many acres are to provide for 
a single person ; Where a single person 
is the whole market Sor the product os 
fo much land ? And what Sort eoS custo-
mers are your Subjects to these lands t 
What cloaths is it that they wear^ 
What provisions do they consume t 
Black bread, onions, and other roots, 
are the ufual diet oS the generality os 
your people t their common drink the 
pure element ; they are dressed in can-
vas and wonden shoes ; l mean Such oS 
them as are net barefooted and half 
naked. How very mean must be the 
eight acres, which will afford no better 
Subsistence to a single person ? yet So 
many oSyour pe rple live in this despi-
cable manner, that Sour pounds will be 
easily believed to exceed the annual ex-
pence of every one of them at a me-
dium. And how little of this expence 
will be coming to the land-owner Scot 
bis rent ? or, which is the same tltii-.g, 
for the meer product of bis land ? Of 
every thing that is consumed, the grea-
test part ol the value is the price oS 
labour that is bestowed upon it ; and it 
is nor a very Small part oS their price 
that is paid to your majesty in your ar-
rises. OSthe four pound expence uf 
every subject, it can hardly be thought 
that more than four and twenty Shil-
lings are paid for the mere product rs 
the land. Then if there are ei^llt 
acres to every subject, and every fista-
ject for his consumption pavs no mote 
than Sour and twenty shillings to the 
land, three shillings af a medium malt 
be the foil yearly value os everv acre in 
your kingdom. Your lands Separated 
Srom the buildings cannot be valued 
higher. , • •. 
And what then Shall be thought the 
yearly value oS the houses, or, which 
is the Same thing. of the lodgings 
of your thirteen millions os subjects 1 
What numbers of these are bogging 
their bread throughout your kingdom 1 
11 your majesty were to walk incognito 
through the very streets of your capi-
tal, and would give a farthing to evaty 
btggar that asks your alms, in a wait 
of cote hour, you would have nothing 
left of a pistole. Heow miserable mult 
be the lodging oStiiese wretches t In-
vert thoSe that will not ask your chan-
ty, are huddled together four or Site 
families in a houSe. Such is the lodg-
ing in your capital. That of your ci-
ther towns is yet os less value ; het 
nothing can be more ruinous than the 
cottages in the villages. Six shillings 
Sor the lodging oS every one os your 
thirteen millions os Subjects at a me-
dium, must needs be the Sull yeatfy 
value os all the houSea. So that st 
Sour shillings Sor every acre, and Sit 
shillings Sor the lodging oS every Sub-
ject, the rents os your whole kingdom 
Will be less than twenty millions, and 
yet a great deal more than they were 
ever yet Sound to be by the most exact 
Survey that has bern taken. 
The next question then is, ho^ 
mu^ 
AUGUST, IJ^ 
much of these rents your majesty will 
think fit to take to your own use. Six 
oSthe twenty millions are in the hands 
oSthe clergy ; and little enough for the 
Support oS three hundred thousand ec-
cleliasticks, with all their necessary at-
tendants ; 'tis no more than twenty 
pounds a year for every one of the ma-
sters. These, ^.Sit, are your best guards, 
they keep your fobjects loyal in the 
midSt of all their misery. Your ma-
jesty will not think it your interest to 
take any thing from the church. From 
that which remains in the hands of 
your lay fobjects; will you be able to 
take more than five millions to your 
own ufe ? This is more than seven shil-
lings in the pound ; and then, after 
necessary reparations, together with 
lcoifes by the failing of tenants, how 
very little will be left to the owners t 
Thele are gentlemen, who have never 
been bred either to trade or manufac-
tures ; they have no other way of 
living than by their rents ; and when 
thrse shall be taken from them, they 
must fly to your armies, as to an hos-
pital, for their daily bread. 
Now, Sit, your majesty will give 
me leave to examine what are the 
rents of the United Netherlands, and how 
great a part of these their governors 
may take to therafels's without oppressi-
on of the owners. There are in thofe 
provinces three millions of acres, and 
as many millions of subjects, a subject 
Sor every acre. Why should not then 
the single acre there be as valuable as 
the eight acres in France, since 'tis to 
provide for as many mouths ^ Or if 
^reat part of the provisions of the peo-
ple are fetched in by their trade from 
the Sea or foreign countries, they will 
end at last in the improvement of their 
lands. I have often heard, and am 
teady to believe, that thirty shillings, 
one with another, is less than the year-
ly value of every acre in those pro-
vinces, 
And how much less than this will 
oe the yearly value ol lodging for e-
^ery one of their subjects ^ There are 
^ heggars in their streets^ Scarce a sin-
gle one in a whole province. Their 
families in great towns are lodged in 
palaces, in comparison with thofe of 
Paris a even the houses in their villages 
are more costly than in many of your 
cities. If such is the value of their 
three millions of acres, and of lodging 
for as many millions of subjects, the 
yearly rents of lands and houses are 
nine millions in those provinces. 
Then how much of this may the 
states take without ruining the land-
owners, for the defence of their people ? 
Their lands there, by the custom of 
defcending in equal shares to all the 
children, are distributed into fo many 
hands, that few or no persons are sub-
fisted by their rents ; land owners, as 
well as others, are chiefly subsisted by 
trade and manufactures, and they can 
therefore with as much eafe part with 
half oS their whole rents, as your ma-
jesty's subjects can with a quarter. The 
states general may as well take four 
millions and a half from their rents, as 
your majesty can five from those of 
your subjects. 
It remains now only to compare the 
excises of both countries. And what 
excise can your majesty hope to receine 
by the consumption ofthe half starved 
and half naked beggars in your streets ^ 
How great a part ol the price of all 
that is eat or drunk, or consumed by 
thole wretched creatures ? How great 
a part of the price of canvas, cloth, 
and wonden shoes, that ate every where 
worn throughout the country r How 
great a part of the price of their wa-
ter, or their black bread and onions, 
the general diet ol your people i^ If 
your majesty were to receive the whole 
price of those tilings, your exchequer 
would hardly run over. Yet fo much 
the greatest part of your subjects live 
in this despicable manner, that the an-
nual expence of every one, at a me-
dium, can be no more than I have 
mentioned. One Yvould almost think 
they starve themselves to defraud your 
majesty of your revenues. 'Tis im-
possible to conceive that more than an 
eighth part can be excised from the 
R a expence 
^ MAGA^l^ ^ MAGA^I^S, 
expences of your subjects who band the greatest part of your force:, 
iive So yery poorly ; and then Sor thir- and Save many taxes to your people. 
teen millions of people, your whole re- Your very dominions make you loo 
venue by excises will amount to no powerful to Sear any inSult from your 
more than six millions. and a half. neighbours. To turn your thoughts 
And how niuch less than this sum from war, and cultivate the arts of 
will the states be able to levy by the peace, tbe trade and manufactures of 
same tax upon their subjects t There your people ; this shall make you the 
are no beggars in that country. The most powersul prince, and at the Same 
people of their great towns live at a time your subjects the richest of all o-
vastly greater charge than yours. And ther subjects. In the fpace of twenty 
even thole in their villages are better years they will be able to give your 
fed and cloatlied than the people of majcy greaser Sums with cafe, than 
your towns. At a medium every one you can now draw from them wish 
of their subjects live at twice the cost the greatest difficulty. You have a-
of thofe in France. Trade and mano- bundant materials in your kingdom to 
factures are the things that furnish employ your people, and they do not 
them with money for this expence. want capacity to be employed. Peate 
Therefore if thrice as much shall be and trade, shall carty out their labour 
excised from the expence of the Ho/- to all the parts of Europe, and bring bad 
landers, yet still they will have mote yearly treasures to your subjects. There 
left than the subjects of your majesty, will be always fools enough to purchase 
tho' you should take nothing at all from the manufactures of France tho' Fretreet 
them. I must believe, therefore, that flaeould be prohibited to purchase those 
ltwill be as eafy to levy thrice as much of other countries. In the mean time 
by excise upon the Dutch subject as the your majesty shall never want sufficient 
French. thirty shillings upon the former, sums to buy now and then an impor-
as easily as ten upon the latter, and tant fortress, from one or other of your 
consequently fhey millions and a half indulgent neighbours. But above all, 
of pounds upon their three millions of peace shall ingratiate your majesty with 
subjects ; so that in the whole, by rents the Spanish nation, during the life of 
and excises, they will be able to raise their craay king, and after his death a 
nine millions within the year. If of few seasonable presents among his cotir-
this sura for the maintenance of their tiers shall purchase the reversion of hts 
clergy, which are not so numerous as crowns, with all the treasures of the 
in France, the charge of their civil lift, Indies, and then the world must be your 
and the preservation of their dykes, one own. 
million is to be deducted, yet still they This was the Substance of what vss 
will have eight fur their defence ; a re- then said by monsieur Colbert. The 
venue equal 'to two third's os your ma- king was not at all eoffended with this 
jesty's. liberty of bis minister. He knew the 
Your majesty will now no longer value of the man, and soon after made 
wonder that you have not been able him the chief director of the trade ard 
to reduce thefe provinces with half the manufactures of his people and the 
power of your whole dominions, yet strict adherence to his politics justify hi. 
half is as much as you will be ever great capacity and foresight t for almost 
able to employ against them. Consider every particular advantage, which he 
Germany, England &c. will be always lays down to the French nation, has 
realy to espouse their quarrel, and cut been gained in the manner and theest-
out work for the other half tent that great minister, as it were, 
. What then is the advice I would pre- prophetically described. 
fume to giye your majesty 1 To dis-
J^P A II GUST, 17^. 
Tla Republic of Letters, in a Vision, by 
Don Diego de Saavedra. 
A S the author was running over in 
se^ his mind the prndigious num-
ber, and the continual increase ol hooks, 
he fell asleep ; and saw, in a dream, a 
heautisul city at a distance, to which he 
immediately made the best of his way. 
As he advanced he overtook that uni-
versal lcholar Marcus Varro recorded by 
Cicero, who inform'd him the city was 
called The Repuh/ic of Letters, and offer-
ed to shew him the most curious things 
in it. Saavedea observing that the a-
venUes to this city were encompassed 
with fields ol hellebore, Varrv told him, 
That, < as Divine Providence did al-
< wars place the remedy near the evil, 
< so it had put this herb near at hand 
' for the good ol the inhabitants, who 
' were by their hard studies grievoufly 
' Subject to distempers in the brain.' 
The gate oS the city was adorn-
ed with columns oS marble and jalper 
ol curious workmanship ; and the nine 
mules with musical instruments in their 
hands, niches under those columns. The 
suburbs were inhabited by mechanics, 
who work without being able to ac-
count for their own operations. These 
were separated Srom the proSessurs of 
thele arts, in which the understanding 
takes place, and the hands Serve as in-
struments to it, by a river which glid-
ed gently along; over which was a 
bridge built os marble, and upon it a 
beautisul gate raised on columns oS 
jaSper. On the top oS the gate stond 
Architecture, with Painting on her right 
fide, and Scuipture on her left. This 
gate led to a Spacious street, the Sump-
tuous habitation of the several professors 
as the liberal arts ; at the end of which 
open'd the inner gate of the city, a-
durned with a heautisul arch, on which 
the Seven liberal Sciences stood hand in 
hand. This gate was made of Corin-
thian brass, all fraught with figures in 
a heautisul relief, representing the in-
vention of printing. Within this gate 
stood the probation-esttce, in which all 
books lent to the republic from all parts 
ol the world were lodged to be exa-
mined by several grave censors ; who 
after a strict and impartial perusal, 
kept for the service of their state such 
as might improve the understanding. 
and be of nie to mankind. Each cen-
sor had his particular province ; and 
without regard to the name or quality 
ol an author, made great havock in all 
parts of literature ; law, phyfick and 
philofophy were frequently rejected, and 
committed to the flames, the cheese-
monger, or to more indecent uses. But 
their greatest aversion was to books of 
pontics, as might be collected from a 
venerable elder of this senate, who be-
holding a great number of this sort con-
tinually crowding upon him, cried out: 
' O ye books ! that are openly ac-
' knowledged to be dangerous t in 
< which religion and truth are made to 
' serve a turn, and a conveniency : 
' what tyrannies have you let up in the 
' world ? And how many kingdoms 
' and commonwealths have your coun-
' lels overturned ? Upon deceit and 
' malice it is, that you pretend to 
' ground the preservation and security 
< of states, little considering os how 
' short duration such must be, that 
' stand upon such falfehottoms. Where-
' as religion and truth only establish go-
' vernment upon fixed and immovea-
' ble foundations. Happy, therefore, 
' alone is that Prince, who by the 
< strength of his own genius learns 
' blessedly to reign with prudence.' 
And then ordered them immediately to 
be burnt, before the common hall, in 
which they were very bufy in weigh-
ing the talents of authors, and fettling 
their true value. 
After this Varro Conducted Saavedea 
to different parts of the city ; to the 
public schools, universities and libra-
ties. In their way they met a processi-
on of the Greek, Roman, and historians 
of other nations. He law the Gymnofo-
phists, the Druid, Magi, Chaldeans 
Brachrnans, &c. Shattered in huts and 
shades, and fome quite naked on th-
ground. And in a gloomy shade were 
Seated the foren wise men. And every 
place 
1^4 ^ ^AGA^If^ ^ 
place was filled with Peripatetics, Sioicks, 
Pythagoreans, hpicureerns, Cynics, &c. But 
what attracted the greatest attention 
was that quarter lighted bv Several fur-
naces, and by which stood numberless 
vials, alembicks, and crncibles, inha-
bited by thousands as men reduced to 
most wretched poverty by Seeking for 
the philosophers'^ stone, and disguised 
with the fumes os she quintessences they 
extracted. Their neighbours were Si-
byl, Necromancers, and Such like quali-
ty. However, this melancholy oro-
Spect terminated with a hill cleoathed 
with myrtles and laurels : under which 
shewed a clear and crystal stream, whole 
hanks were visited by Homer, Virgil, 
Tasto, Camues, Mileon, &c. who have 
done boneour by their works to Greece, 
Rome, Italy, Portugal and England. 
When he view'd the meast inhabited 
part of the city, he Sound every one 
envying and abusing one another. Fac-
ing a large Street stund Bedlam, a mag-
nificent structure, and very full os pa-
tients t among whom, one endeavour-
ed to Square the circle upon a wall : 
another was positive lie had Sound out 
the longitude : Some eaideavoured to 
gain the character oS great Scholars, by 
their great horry, and repeating bits 
and lcrapr oS Sentences. Others con-
tented themselves with a lmattering ol 
Such knowledge, as they can collect 
from tide pages and indexes ; and witlS 
this SalSe shew of learning pleaSed lheni-
Selves by pestering all companies there-
with, 
At last Sanvedea mot Demoeritu, al-
ter he had palled through the habita-
tions os the ancient atheistical philoso-
phers, and the troublesome streer os 
critics ; who amongst other reasons to 
justify his immoderate laughing, Said ; 
' For my part, I can't but laugh, to 
' See the pride and vain glory os Some 
' oS our greatest Scholars, who strut a-
' buutlike peacocks plumingthemSelves, 
' and passing Sor profound doctors and 
< men oS penetration, tho' not possessed 
< os one grain of Sell-knowledge -
< whoSe minds are as rude and unculti-
' vated as deserts, and more savage 
< and intractable than brutes. 'Tis at 
' Such as theSe that I laugh, Him a. 
' 1 one do l think truly valuable, who 
' altho' not skilled in Science, knows ro 
' govern his passions and affections; 
< being Satisfied that he can want no-
, thing, Since that all things abound to 
' him whoSe Seliciry, although not equal 
• to that of heaven, yet Seems to come 
' nearly up to it.' 
The BASENESS and CRUELTY of de-
bauching young Women. 
^HE R E are a sort of knighrs-
I errant in the world, who, quire 
contrary to thole in romance, are per-
petually Seeking adventures to bring 
virgins into distress, and to ruin innu-
cence. When men oS rank and figure 
pais away their lives in these criminal 
pursuits and practices, they ought to 
consider that they render lhemSelves 
more vile and despicable than any in-
nocent man can be, whatever low sta-
tion his fortune or birth have placed 
him in. Title and ancestry render a 
good man more illustrious, but an ill 
one more contemptible. 
Thry father's merit sets thee rrpteoview. 
And plants thee in the faireSt point of light. 
To make thy virtues, or thy faults, cenSpicii-
eaus. Caro. 
I have often wondered, that these 
deflowerers of innocence, tho* dead to 
all the Sentiments oS virtue and honour, 
are not restrained by compassion and 
humanity. To bring Sorrow, consaii-
on aiid inSamy into a family ; to wound 
the heart of a tender parent ; and stain 
the liSe oS a poor deluded young wo-
man with a dishonour that can never 
he wiped off, are circumstances, one 
would think, Sufficient to check the mast 
violent passion in a heart, which has the 
least tincture of pity and good-nature, 
Would any one purchafe the gratifica-
tion oS a moment at So dear a rate ^ 
and entail a lasting misery on others, 
for Such a transient Satisfaction to him. 
Self; nay, for a satisfaction that is sare 
A D G S T, 
at sorac ^ime or other, to be followed 
with remorSe ? I am led to this Subject 
hv the many examples oS this brutali-
ty ; hot especially by iwoletteit, which 
came lately to my hands. The last oS 
them is, it Seems, the copy oS one Sent 
by a mother to one, who had abusld 
her daughter ; and tho' l cannot julti-
fr her Sentiments at the latter end ol it, 
they are Such as might arise in a mind, 
which had neot yet recovered its tem-
per ester So great a provocation. I 
present the reader with it asl recived 
it, because 1 thiiik it gives a lively idea 
of the affliction, which a Sond parent 
Suffers on Such an occasion. 
SIR, -shire, July, 1713. 
t^HE other day I went into the 
I house of one of my tenants, 
vch rSe wife was formerly a Servant in our 
family, and by my grandmother's kind-
ness had ner educated with my mother 
Srom her infancy 1 So that she is ofa 
Spirit and understanding greatly superior 
tu thoSe oSher own rank. I soured the 
poor woman in the utmost disorder of 
mind and attire, drowned in tears, and 
reduced to a condition that looked ra-
ther like stupidity, than gries She 
leaned upon her arm over a table, on 
^hich lav a letter folded up and direct-
ed to a certain nobleman, very famous 
in our parts Sor low-intrigue, or in plain. 
er words, Sor debauching country girls ; 
in which number is the unfortunate 
daughter of my poor tenant, as l learn 
from the following lerter, written by her 
mother. I have Sent you here a copy 
rs it, which, made publlok in vour Ma-
marine, may pethapr surnifh useful re-
flections to many men Of figure and 
quality, who indulge themselves in a 
passion, which they possess but in com-
mon with the vilest part os mankind. 
My Lard| 
1 A S T night l discovered the inju-
re ry you have done to my daughter. 
tlaaven knows how long and piercing 
^ torment that shortlived shameful 
pleasure osyour^s must bring upon me ; 
upon nie| Srorn whom you never re-
ceived and offence. This consideration 
alone should have deterred a noble mind 
stum fo bale arid ungenerous an act. 
But,alas 1 what is all the grief that must 
be my Share, in comparison of that, with 
yihich you hate reeprtted her by whom 
vou liavtt beo-n oblged ? Lofs of good 
name, angoifb oS sicart, shanie and in-
famy, ate what tnttst inevitably Sall up-
on her, unless she gets over them by 
what is much worse, open impudence, 
professed lewdness, anal abandoned pros-
titution. These are the returns you 
have made to her. for putting in your 
power all her livelihood and dependence. 
her virtue and reputation. O,my Lord 
should my son have practis'd the ,ike on 
one of your daughters t^—l know you 
fxell with indignation at the very men-
tion of it, and would think he deserved 
a thousand deaths Sbould he make such 
an attempt upon the honour of your 
family. 'Tis well, m y Lord. And is 
then the honour of your daughter. 
whom still, though it had been viulared. 
you mi^ht have maintained in plenty 
and even luxury, of greater moment to 
her. than to my daughter her'S, whose 
only sustenance it was ? And must my 
son, void os all the advantages osa ge-
nerous education, must he, l fay, consi-
der : and may your lordship be excused 
from all reflection ? Eternal contumely 
attend that guilty title which claims 
exemption from thought, and airngates 
to its wearers the prerogatives of brutes. 
Ever cursed be its false lustre. which 
could dazzle my poor daughter to her 
undoing ! Was it for this that the ex-
alted merits, and godlike virtues os 
your great ancestor were honoured with 
a coronet, that it might be a pander 
to his posterity, arid confer a privilege 
of dishonouring the innocent and de-
fenceless ^ At this rate the laws of re-
wands Should be inverted. and lie who is 
generous and gerod should be made a 
beggar anal a slave ; that industry and 
honed diligence may keep his posterity 
unspotted, and preserve them from ruin-
ing virgins, and making whole families 
unh, iappy 
^d ^AGA^l^E ^ ^IAGA^lNF.8, 
unhappy. Wretchedness is now he-
come my everlasting portion ! Your 
crime, my Lord, will draw perdition 
even upon my head. 1 niav not sue 
Sor forgiveness ol my own Sailings and 
misdeeds, for l never can forgive yours ; 
but shall curse you with my dying breath 
and at the last tremendous day shall 
hold forth in my arms my much 
Wrong'd child, and tall aloud for ven-
geance on her defiler. Under these 
present horrors ol mind l could he con-
tent to be your chief tormentor, ever 
paying you mock.reverence, and Sound-
ingin your ears, your unutterable loath-
ing, the empty title, which inspired you 
with presumption to tempt, and over-
awed my daughter to comply. 
Thus have I given Some vent to my 
sorrow, nor fear I to awaken you to re-
pentance so that vour fin may be forgiv-
en : the divine laws have bern broken, 
but much injury, irreparable injury has 
been alio done to me : and the jast 
judge will not pardon that till I do. 
Aly Least 
Your Coast ienca' will hely you to my Name. 
Sacred and Prophane POETRY com-
pared 
'^N Poetry it requires great spirit in 
^ thought, and energy in style ; which 
we find more in the eastern poetry, than 
either the Greek or Roman The great 
creator, who accommodated himfelf to 
thole he vouchsafed to fpeak to, hath 
put into the mouths of his prophets 
Such sublime sentiments and exalted lan-
guage, as must abash the pride and 
wit of man. In the book os Job, the 
most ancient poem in the world, we 
have such paintings and descriptions, as 
I have fpoken of, in great variety. I 
shall at preferat make Some remarks on 
the celebrated description of the HoRsE 
in that holy book, and compare it wish 
those drawn by Homer and Virgil 
Homer hath the following similitude 
of an horse twice over in the iliad, 
which Virgil hath copied from him ; at 
least he hath deviated lefs from Homer, 
than Mr. Dry Sen hath from him. 
Feed from his keepers, thus with brolsea 
reins, 
The wanton caar refer prances o'er the plains ; 
Or in tbepride erf youth o'ersetaps the moe'nct, 
And Stiufft the fem les ita forbidden ground ' 
Or Seeks his wat'aing in the welt-known Hood. 
To quench hi, thirst. and coos his fiery bloosd : 
He Swims luxuriant in the liquid plain. 
And o'er his shoulders flows his w eviet^ mane, 
He neiphs, he sports, he bears his head on 
ingh ; 
Before his ample theft the frothy- waters fly. 
Vigil's description is much fuller 
than the foregoing, which, as I said, is 
only a simile ; whereas Virgil profeffea 
to treat of the nature of the Horse. It 
is thus admirably translated. 
The fiery courier, Wher ho be herri from far 
The Sprightly trumpets, and tire shouts of t. ar, 
Paioks up his' ears ; and trembling with delist, 
Shifts pace, and paws ; and hopes the promise! 
ftghr. 
On his right Shoulder his thick mane recSind, 
Rriffles at speed. and dances in the wind. 
^•s horny hesoss are jetty black, and round; y 
Hischine is double ; Star ing wish a bound s 
l'e turns the turf, and Shakes the solid ground. * 
Fire Srorr his ryes, clouds from his nostrils 
flow t 
He bears his rider headlong on his foe. 
Now follows that in the hook of 
Job ; which under all the disadvantages 
os having bern written in a language 
little understood ; of being expreSt is 
phrases peculiar to a part of the world, 
whole manner of thinking and Speak-
ing Seems to us very uncouth ; and a-
buve all, oS appearing in a proSe tran-
slation ; is nevertheless So transcendent^ 
ly above the heathen descriptions, that 
hereby we may perceive, how saint aid 
languid the images are which are sort-
ed by mortal authors ; when compar-
ed with that, which is figured, as 
'twere, just as it appears in the eye of 
the creator. God fpeaking to Jnh, asks 
him. 
Hast theu given the horse strerast^ 
Hast thou clothed his neck with thunela^ 
Canst then make him afraid as a gr^-
hepper ? the glory of hit nostrils is ferric-
He paWeth in the valley, andreseyceth is 
his strength .- he gOeth on to meet 
stream-
ed men. He mocketh at sear, and it nd 
aseaid ; neither turneth he hack from the 
sword The qUiaver ratleth againd html 
the glittering spear; and the shield- ^ 
.^trr .All G D S T, 17^- 1^7 
jussoweth the ground with surcense and 
-erere a • neither he/ieveth he that it is the 
p.iiud of the trumpet. He saith amongst 
the sr a npets, Ha, ha; and he finelleth the 
battle asar off ; the thnndiing of the cap-
tains and the shouting. 
Here are all the great and Sprightly 
images, that thought can Sorm, os this 
generous beast, expreit in Such force 
^tal vigour of style, as would have giv-
en the great wits of antiquity new laws 
Sir the subline, had they been acquain-
ted with these writings. I cannot but 
particularly obServe, that whereas the 
dtSsiaa/ poets chiefly endeavor to paint 
she outward figure, lineaments, and 
motions ; the sucred poet makes all the 
beauties to flow from an invvard princi-
ple in the creature he defcribes ; and 
thereby gives great Spirit and vivacity 
tu his description. The Soliowing 
phrases and circumstances Seem singular-
ly remarkable. 
Hast theU clothed his neck with thun.ler? 
limner and Virgil mention nothing about 
the neck of the bouse, but his mane . the 
Sacred author by the buld figure of 
tcander, not only expresses the Shaking 
of that remarkable beauty in the horse, 
aid the flakes of hair, which naturally 
Suggest the idea of lightning, but like-
wise the violent agitation and force of 
the neck, which, in the orientai tongues 
had been flatly expreSt by a metaphor 
leSs than this. 
(anst then make him astraid, as agreif-
lipper? There as a two-sold beauty in 
this expression, which not only marks 
the courage of this beast, by asking if 
he can be seared? but likewise raises a 
tiuhle imaae of bis Swiftness, by insi-
nuatingthat iS he could be frightened 
he would bound away with the nim-
hleneSs os a grastopper. 
The g/ory of his nostri/s is ferrihle. 
^Ehisis more strong and concise than that 
rf Virgil^ which yet is the noblest line 
that was ever written without inspirati-
on, 
^crllectumq; Premens volvit Sub naribus ignem. 
He reSdyc^th in his strength -—- He 
^ckysh at fear —^ neither he/ieveth he 
^ it le the sound of the frUmpeti — 
^OL. IV. 
He saith among fhe trumpets. Ilei, ha ; — 
are signs of courage, as I Saal before, 
flowing frerm an inward principle, 
There is a peculiar beauty in his not be-
lieving it is the Sound oS the trumpet : 
that is, he cannot believe it Sor joy ; 
but when be is Sure os it, and is a-
mongst the trumpets, he faith, Ha, ha; 
he neighs, he rejoices. His docility is 
elegantly painted in bis being unmoved 
at the rattling quiver, the glitter ingspear, 
and the shield; and is well imitated by 
Oppian ^who undoubtedly read Joh as 
well as Virgi/) in his poem upon hunt-ing. 
How firm the man-g'd warhotse keeps his 
ground, 
Nor breaks his order, though the trutigetr 
Sotir id S 
With searleSs eye the glitt'ring host Surveys, 
And glares directly ar the helmet's blaze . 
The no aster's we t.s, the laws of war tre knows, 
And when to Stop; and when to charge tho 
foes. 
Ile foradonereth the grorend, is an ex-
pression for prodigious Swiftness, in use 
amongst the Araheaars, Job's country-
men, at this clay. The Latins have 
Something like it, 
Latumque fue-a co^eemere campum. ^Semasau. 
Cape re prala ftrge. Vla^. 
ramptimqne vol tu. 
Cum rapoere, pedum veftigla qtiaraS. 
Sa a. lr AS. 
It is indeed the boldest and noblest of 
images for fwiStness; nor have I met 
with any thing that comes So near it, 
as Mr. Pope's in Windyor forest. 
Th' impatient ooer-Ser parrt^ i., ev'ry vein, 
Anf pawing. seems to beat the diiiant plain; 
FSilIs. vale- and nuod apperr aSreaetc crost, 
And e'er he ilarts, a thousand steps are loth 
He smelleth the battle asar off and 
what f sllows about the shouting, is a 
circumstance expressed with great Spirit by Lean. 
So when the ring with joyful Shouts rebound, 
With rage and pride th' rmprison'd cr ursex 
fsotrnds : 
He frets. lie foams, he rends his idle rein ; 
Springs o'er the fence, arid headlong seeks the 
plain. G. 
^ A particular 
A particular Account of the Exports and Imports, being the whole Trade bet-fets 
London and France in 1751, with the Prices of the good and Merchandi.ties. 
Imports form France to the Port of London only in the Yoar 1751. 
A LniOnds 5 C at 
Books 796 
Bone I. ace 202 Yds 
Brandy 6o3 ^ T. 
Burrs for hIiIstun^ 2400 
.Cambricks 2o5o6 
Capers 4o46 lb 
Chefnuts 955 Bush. 
Canvas 639 C 
Catlings 29 i Gro. 
Cotk i i i C 
Ditto ^roGro. 
Cotton Yam SC 
EagS Co C 
Effenceof Lemons 4o lb. 
Globes 2 
Hair Goats 278 lb 
•• Hrrte 1 26 
^ Human 9645 
Hungary Water i 69 Gab 
Indigo 657441 lb 
Incle, wrought l 1 Doz. 
Iron i 1 .I. T. 
linen 6581 Ells 
Mapr 52 Squire 
Morels 300 lb 
Iuniper Berties 1748 C 
L 5. 
4 io 
1 o 
0 7 
5o o 
2 IO 
1 o 
o O 
o 4 
6 o 
o 2 
o 16 
o 1 
o I 
O 
o 
2 
o 
o 
o 
2 6 
0 
1 
3 
7 
o 1o 
o 2 
Lemons 
necklaces 
Nuts, Small 
Olives 
Paper 
Pictures 
62 M 
9 Gro. 
1300 Bar. 
44i Gal. 
36Rea. 
148 
8 
12 
d 
o 
0 
1 
E 
l 4 
o 11 
8 o 
^ 7 
Plaister of Paris 2 Mount, 
Prints c1^54 
Prunes 1964 C 
Rags 22^4 C 
Safrron 46olb 
heeds, Clover 56o lb 
Fennel 200o 
Garden 
Lentile 
Lucern 
Silk, wrought 
Snuff 
1503 
3oo 
2800 
i2 lb 
lb 
0 15 
^ 5 
1 1 
o 15 
o o 
o o 
o o 
o 15 
2 lco 
o a 
d 
o 
o 6 
oper Ton 
oper C 
o supposed half Pieces 
6 
o 
o 
5 
o 
6 per lb 
o 
o 
o 
3 
o 6 
o t 
6 
o 
o 
8 per Ell 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
oper Hogshead 6 
o 
o 6 
o 
o 
o 
o per C 
6per lb 
8 
3 lb 
operC 
o 6 
I. 
22 
79 
75 
^0187 
Co 
20506 1o1 
191 
92 
^ 
6 
1a 
4 
27 
18 
^616 
84 
SatSo 
S8 
138 
548 
1o 
a ^o 
2748 
62 
20 
13 
148 
4 
41 
2V73 ^ 
3 
^o 
^o 
18 
^o 
Vel 
10 
o 
25 
10 
0 
o 
3 
o 
o 
i6 
io 
io 
4 
o 
o 
o 
7 
i8 
17 
lo 
2 
0 
o 
8 
o 
o 
o 
16 
o 
0 
10 o 
0 
7 
o 
o 
o 
i5 
0 
1 
15 
o 
1s 
L 
^kirss, Coney 266 Doz. o 
Dog-fish i o4 o 
Hare 53 
Kid H5847 ^ 
Lamb 34 C 
burgeon 
Succads 
fhrcad 
Trusties 
fwist 
l 54 Kegs 
1938 lb 
3621 lb 
4So Doz. 
27olb 
252 Doz. 
YerdigrcaSe 34300 lb 
Wax Candles 300 lb 
t^ine 226^ Tons 
aA H G H ^ ^ J^o 
V 
5. d. 
1 6 
1 8 
3 o o o per C 
5 ^ 
o 
O 15 o 
o 2 o 
0 i5 a 
1 2 o 
o 8 o 
o io o 
o 1 S 
o 2 3 
7o o o 
Ditto in the Wool 8 Co 1o 
Aristolochia 3oo C 
Cant hand es 1561b 
Crema Tartar 355 lb 
Chymical Oils 440 lb 
Cochineal 6oo lb 
Cocoa 20 C 
Gum Seneca 37 C 
JeSuits Bark 5000 lb 
^utOil 1a Gal. 
D R U G 
7 io 
^ 3 
2 10 
O 2 
O 12 ^
 0 
8 o 
o 4 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
6 
o 
29 
8 
7 
^475 
42 
4 
2i5 
193 
2715 
528 
to8 
126 
aS58 
33 
2^72 
s. 
19 
13 
19 
5 
to 
o 
1o 16 
i5 
o 
o 
o 
6 
15 
io 
a25o o 
23 8 
S87 io 
44 ^ 
6o 
296 
1i25 
9 
d-
o 
4 
o 
a 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
c^ 
o 
o 
B 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
O 
Total of Imports 178741 a a 
Exports to France, seom the Port of London only, in the Year i 7 5 s. 
Allem 
Apotin 
Bays 
Barley 
Beans 
Beer 
Bellows 
Books 
^161 C 
6C 
400 
41o^r. 
1765 (^r. 
21 Hhd. 
24 Doz. 
11 'C 
BraSs, wrought 55o C 
Butter Fitk. 
Clock-vaork 3 C 
Cloths, long 556 
short 8i 
^Pher 5o C 
^als 42 Cha. 
Cheese 32 C 
linage 1 3o Tons 
L s. d 
o 14 o 
4 ^ o 
4 o 
o 25 o 
i 1 o 
^ ^ o 
I o o 
1 o o 
S o o 
1 o O 
^ ^ o 
io o o 
8 o o 
5 io o 
2 ^ o 
2 5 o 
i 5 oper C 
9 ^ per 1 oo Goada 
b 2 
L s. 
2212 14 
24 o 
i8oo o 
307 1o 
1853 5 
63 o 
24 o 
11 io 
44oo o 
^56o 
648 
52 io 
^250 O 
a6 a 
d. 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o ^ 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
O 
Copper 
14^ ^^MAGA^I^E ^ ^'AGA^I^E 8, 
Copperas 868o C 
Coach & Harness i 
HarneSS i 
ChaiSe i 
Earth. Ware i 7 8oo Ps. 
25o Yds. 
2o Pea. 
18i3 C 
173o Yds. 
438 Gro. 
72COO 
8o3 lb 
33o C 
29 C 
314 Dor. 
io Dor 
6i34 lb 
263 
Fri-te 
Fustians 
Fustick 
Flannel 
Garters 
Grindstones 
Glass 
Gunpowder 
Glue 
Hahdash. 
Hose 
Hats 
Iron 
Cast 
Wrought 
Kerfies 
Leather wrought 6o 
Lead i832 C 
I.anth. Leaves i 59400o 
.Litharge of Lead 57 C 
Linen 
Oats 
Oil 
Pewter 
Pipes 
Plate, wrought 
Red Herrings 
Rye 
Serges 
Stuifa 
Snuff 
Stone Ware 
Shot 
Shoes 
Shomack 
Silk, mixt 
wrought 
Tin 
Train Oil 
Skins, Goat 
Wheat 
Wheat Meal 
1. s. 
o 6 
7o 6 
3O 
o 
0 
1 
o 
0 
1 
2 Chal. at o 13 
d. 
6 
o 
o 
0 
1 
o 
o 
6 
o 
o 
o 
8 
1 el. 
2821 O d 
7o 0 0 
6 o e 
3o o e 
74 3 4 
37 io e 
20 0 n 
498 1 1 ^ 
86 io 
438 o si 
i 6 o 
240 o e 
1 5 
to o 
a o 
2 io 
3 5 o to 3 toper C the Medium is 24 2 
412 to s 
29o to e 
376 t6 e 
25 o e 
375 o e 
894 o e 
1o9 to H 
46 o 5 e 
4 io e 
1 io3 17 at 
o to 8 o o the Medium is o 
25 Terns i2io o to 17 io the Medium is 
74' Tons 12 o o 
o per C 
o 6 
2 o 
i i 5 
ii 15 o per Fodder 
o 12 o to 16 per ioo the Med. is in5 16 ^ 
24 C Ells o i 
2oo (^rs. 
452 Gal. 
57e C 
1 oo Gro. 
74 Oz 
i 4o Bar. 
5 2oo (^r. 
8o (^r. 
2146 
6oo lb 
200 Fs 
605 C 
28o Doz. 
67 C 
602 lb 
3668 lb 
606 C 
2 T. 
85 Doz. 
5738o f^rs. 
15082 (^is. 
Wood,Brazeletto 1 5o C 
lignum Vita: 8 T. 
Logwood 47^8 C 
6 io 
o 1 
o 7 
O 15 
69 16 si 
200 o ^ 
the Medium 125 o ^ 
55 12 t 
373 ^ ^ 
7 to ^ 
25 18 H 
105 0 o 
3640 o ^ 
16o o e 
4292 o o 
6o 0 n 
. i r3 4 
423 io ^ 
140 ti ^ 
36 17 e 
451 io ^ 
7336 e e 
2272 10 ^ 
46 o ^ 
106 5 ^ 
14 the Medium is 83201 o ^ 
11 the Medium is 328o3 7 ^ 65 12 ^ 
o to i 2 the Medium is 64 o ^ 
6 724 7 ^ 
6 
8 per Ell 
o 1o oto 1 5 
3i o o per Ton 
o 6 
o 
o 13 o to 15 the Medium 
2 o o 
2 O O 
O 2 O 
O O 2 
o 14 O 
o i o o per' Doz. 
o i i 
0 15 
2 O 
3 15 
23 o 
2 5 
1 4 
i 16 to 
o 8 9 
4 o 
o 11 
1 
2 
a^r AUGUST, 17^^. 
1. 5. d. 
Wooed, Nicaragua i7o C 1 1 o 
Redwood • 1 5 i o C 1 15 o 
141 
L s. d 
178 1o o 
2642 s'o o 
DRUGS 
Gum Seneca 38 C 7 o o to 12 o o the Med. is 361 o o 
Oil Vitriol 566 lb o I 6 42 9 o 
Cnrated Goods at 5354 o o 
327o6S81b ^ 1779^6 ii 4 
Tobacco by Certificate -— 4o8^3 12 o 
Other Goods by Certificate • — 53349 13 6 
Total of Certificate Goods —— 94233 5 6 
Total of Exports , a • 272199 16 io 
By these Calculations mny he fen, thegreat A/seration there is in the French 
Slrade, and the unpredeceleuted Circunistance of having the Baltnce stand in the right 
Side of the Account, which, however, is but trying, when our Export of Corn and 
Meal are deducted, as these are Articles which in Several Yoars shey may not again call 
ser, andcousequently should not he reckoned cis current Branches of our Trastick. 
OBSERVATIONS ^ CO^I^d. ^ ^Ip^IS 
^I^HE court may be Said to be a 
A, company oS well-bred fashiona-
ble beggars. 
At court, if a man hath too much 
pride to be a creature, he had better 
stay at home : A man who will rise at 
court must begin, by creeping upon 
all-Sour. 
There are hardly two creatures oS a 
more differing Species than the Same 
inan, when he is ptetending to a place 
and when he is in possession os it. 
Mens industry is Spent in receiving 
the rents os a place, there is little left 
for discharging the duty oS it. 
Some places have such a corrupting 
influence upon the man, that it is a Su-
pernatural thing to resist it, 
Some places lie so fair to entertain 
corruption, that it looketh like renoun-
cing a due perquisite, not to go into it. 
IS a getting fool would keep out of 
business, he would grow richer in a 
court than a man of Sense. 
One wou Id wonder that in a court 
where there is So little kindness, there 
should be So much whispering. 
Men must brag oS kind letters Srom 
court, at the Same time that they do 
not believe one word of them. 
Men at court think So much oS their 
own cunning, that they Sorget other 
mens. 
After a revolution, you See the Same 
men in the drawing-room, and within 
a week the Same flatterers. 
JOURNAL 
14^ ^ ^AGA^I^E ^ ^AGA^I^ES 
^URN^AL OI^ I^C PROCEEDINGS ^lld I^EBATES ID 
^te POLITICAL ^LllB, CODHlDtted tdDl 
The next that Spoke in the Debate continu-
ed inyour hist, was T. bempronius 
Gracchus. (Earl of E^—nts wiaste 
Speech was as sellows, viz. 
Mr. Prestdmt. 
SIR, 
| MUST beg leave to differ from 
^ my Hon. and learned friend, for l 
hope he will always allow me to call 
him fo. No man can have a more 
Jistily sense than I have ol the loss 
the nation must sustain by the death oS 
that amiable prince, whom my learned 
friend most justly bemoans : No man 
^ran more sincerely join with him in 
bemoaning that IoSs. The nation will 
certainly be theraby deprived oS many 
blessings, but I cannot think that we 
are thereby thrown into Such a danger, 
as cannot be provided against but by 
keeping up a more numerous army 
than we should otherwise have occasion 
Sor. The danger os our Sailing under 
a minority is, l shall grant, more possi-
ble than it was before that melancholy 
event ; but thank GndI it is not in the 
least more probable ; Sor his majeity 
has now as good a chance Sor living 
five years, as he bad last year Sor liv-
ing Sax ; and Supposing this danger to 
be more probable as well as more poos-
fible, I cannot think, that our keeping 
sip a numerous standing army os mer-
cenary troops is the proper way to pro-
vide against it, The most proper way 
certainly is, to establish such regulati-
ons of government, as may prevent 
any contusion, in case such a fatal ac-
cident should happen ; and this we 
have already done in the most effectual 
manner that was thought possible, by 
those who now appear to he the advo-
cates for the largest number of troopr. 
Whether it wasthe wisest regulation that 
could have been established, I shall nor 
now dispute ; hut this I will lay, that 
the greater our army is, the less wise 
that regulation must appear to every 
one, who maturely considers all circum-
stances ; and this rather confirma than 
weakens the opinion I was oS last sessi-
on, with regard to the number of 
troops we ought to keep up in time of 
peace. 
This, Sit, is my way of thinking, 
and yet I shall not accuse my learned 
Sriend oS any inconsistency os conduct : 
for with regard to any point in poli-
ticks, a gentleman may alter fiis opini-
on without the least inconsistency : 
The public good is the point that eve-
ry one ought to Steer by ; and upon an 
alteration os circumstances a gentleman 
may think that to be for the pobiic 
good, which he formerly thought in-
consistent with it ; therefore the incon-
sistency would he, not in altering his 
opinion, but in obstinately adhering to 
to it ; but in my way of thinking no 
such alteration of circumstances has 
happened as can wartant an alteration of 
my opinion, with refpect to our army. 
The danger of a minority I have the 
pleasure to think highly improbable ; 
and were it to happen, l must thalk 
that i 5,000 men is Sufficient to guard 
against any domestic disturbance that 
mt^at from thence ensue. More t^au 
that number will rather increase our 
danger than guard against it ; because 
it will alienate she affections os the peo-
ple from our present happy establish-
ment, And as to any foreign danger, 
let us consider, that our army, though 
reduced as now proposed, would io us 
present form be a stock. on which sour-
Score thousand men might soon he in' 
grafted : We have officers enough sat 
that number, and private men would in 
a short time be found, if the 
vernment possessed the hearts os the 
people ; therefore neither os the foreign 
circumstances mentioned by my learn-
ed friend can be made use osas an at-
gument for our keeping up above 
i5,o00 men. The birth of a duke of 
Burgundy is so far from being an argu-
ment 
tncnt sor our increasing our army, that 
it should rather induce us to diminish 
our army, in order to increase our ma-
rine. As to naval power and a num-
ber ofSeamen, we may contend with 
France: l hope, we shall always take 
care to be Superior t but as to our land 
armies we cannot pretend to contend 
with that kingdom. Such a contest 
would be like the Srog in the sable 
Swelling itself tillit bursts; fbrby Such 
a contest we Should Soon burst our con-
stitution, but we should never be able 
to come up to the size oS our rival. 
Then, Sir, as to the unSortunate 
death of the prince oS Orange, it has 
not in the least weakened the govern-
ment oS that republic. The royal 
princess who has now the government 
in her hands, has shewn So much wis-
dom, that it has rather gathered new 
strength ; and has furnished us with a 
recent proof, that a minority is not al-
ways such a dangerous circumstance as 
it has been represented by some gentle-
men in this debate. But suppose she 
had not behaved or should not con-
tinue to behave in such a prudent 
manner, are we to defend the Dutch 
government against the Dutch them-
selves? Are we to keep 4 or 5 thousand 
additional troops on foot for that pur-
poSe ? Sit, if such a thing should hap-
pen as a civil war, or a revolution of 
government in Holland, I doubt if it 
would be wife in us to send any of our 
troops thither ; for if we did so for the 
support of one side, we might depend 
on it, that France would Send double 
the number for the support of the other. 
We know what was the consequence 
of our taking the Danish troops intoonr 
and ordering them to be in readi-
nrss for a march, upon the death oftbe 
emperor Charles VI. We know that 
from thence France took occasion to 
form a pretence for marching her nu-
merous armies into Germany. There-
sore I doubt much, whether it would 
oe prudent in us to send any troopr to 
Holland, even supposing a civil war 
lhould happen in that country, which 
wife and steady conduct of the prin-
cess govern ant will probably prevent ; but 
admitting the contrary, does not every 
one know, that in four or five days 
time we can add sour or five thousand 
men to our army, which is the shortest 
time that can be supposed necessary for 
providing transports? And out oS 1ey 
or ao,00o men, could we nor Spare to 
lend 9 or 1o,00o to Holland, in cafe it 
should be thought prudent and neces-
Sary Sor us to do so ^ Therefore, as Such 
an event would probably involve Eu-
rope in a general was. we should. in 
the mean time by a reduction oS our 
army, save as much money as possible, 
that we might engage in that war with 
she greater vigour, and with the grea-
ter ability to assist our allies and to de-
send ourselves. 
Thus, Sit, in my way of thinking, 
every alteration os circumstances that 
has happened since last session, is rather 
an argument sor my continuing, than 
for my altering the opinion I was of last 
session, with regard to the number oS 
troops that ought to be kept np in 
this kingdom in time of peace ; and I 
was surprised to hear the Hon. gentle-
man who spoke last, mention the new 
road from Newcastle to Carlisle, as a 
reason sor keeping up a greater number 
of troopr than would otherwise be ne-
cessary. As the Hon. gentleman has 
had great experience, he certainly un-
derstands the military as well as any 
entlernan in this house ; and if he re-
ects never so little, he must admit, 
that by that road we Shall rather con-
tract than extend our works, because 
we shall render the southern part of this 
island less liable to a surprise from the 
north, and consequently can have no 
occasion sor keeping up such a mrtnber 
of troopr in the interior parts either os 
England or Scotland, as we bad former-
ly. Will that gentlemen say : Will any 
man that understands the military say, 
that a well fortified place requires as 
numerous agarifon to desend it, as a 
place that has few or no fortifications ; 
or that the repairing or strengthening 
the interior fortifications, is an enlarge-
ment of the works of a place 1 It 
' map 
may as wall be said, that the Carlisle 
road has added to tiae extent of the 
island of Great-Britain, as to fay, that 
1t has enlarged the works which we are 
to desend ; lor the whole island we are 
to defend, consequently nothing within 
the island can he called an enlargement 
ol tout' works ; and the chief induce-
ment for our bein^ at the expence os 
malting that road is, tuat we may nut 
be obliged to keep up Such a number 
oS regular troops in Scotland, .as may 
at last render the whole country disaf-
fected ; for if it were, l believe, the 
Hon, gentleman would find it difficult, 
with his three regiments of Soot, and a 
few troops of dragoons, to undertake, 
that no Scotchman should ever again 
enter England in a hostile manner. 
That mad may contribute towards 
preventing our being again surprised, 
as we were latelv, by a Sudden insur-
rection of the disaffected in that coun-
try, and consequently will very much 
contribute towards preventing any such 
insurrection, because they can hope Sor 
no Success. unless it be by SurprtSe , 
theresore we may safely diminish the 
number of regular troopr kept up in 
Scotland ; and the more we diminish them 
I am confident the number of the dii af-
fected will every day he the more dimi-
nished Whereas, il wethinkonlyolbrtd-
ling the disaffected by keeping a great 
number os troopr in the country, we may 
render the whole disaffected and in 
that case, as they will always have a 
great many friends in England, a rebel 
army from Scotland may, perhaps, 
hereafter enter England, with the same 
succeds they did in the reign os the ua-
fortunate king Charles 1. 
• I think, Sit, l have now answered 
all the arguments made use of by 
those gentlemen who last session agreed 
with me in opinion, but have since al-
tered their opinion; and now l must 
add a few words by way of anlwer to 
those who were last Session, as well as 
this, for our keeping up a more numer-
ous army than l think we have any oc-
casion for in time of peace. Some of 
thefe gentlemen really Seem to think, 
chat no army can be of any dangerous 
consequence to our liberties ; and m 
Support of their opinion they have ran-
Sacked almost all histories both ancient 
and modern ; but all to no purpose ; 
for all histories are against them, and 
every example they have brought from 
hence proves the contrary os what 
they intended ; Sor a civil govern mens 
malt always be chiefly Supported by the 
civil power, otherwise it Soon ceases to 
be a civil government : A Small mili' 
tary force may be brought in aid of the 
civil pertver, and may continue Sublet, 
vient to the civil power ; but if voil 
increase that military Sorce So as to 
make it a Superior, or even but an e-
qual match for the civil power, it will 
not long continue Subfervient : It will 
no longer continue So than until it hap-
pens to get a general, or commander its 
chies, who has ambition enough to 
make himfelf master os the civil pow-
er ; and as soon as be hat done so, he 
may continue the forms or the shadow 
of a civil gaovernmeat, as Julius Caistf 
did at Rome; but from that moment 
the government will be a military go-
vernment, which is always absolute 
and often tyrannical. This we Sectn 
to be in danger of from a prevailing 
opinion, that every bear,ch of our civil 
government must. as to the executive 
part, be Supported by a military force ; 
and for this purpose we have increased 
she latter so as to make it, I sear, an 
over-match for the civil power, in cafe 
any contention should unsortunatelf 
happen between them. Our military 
force, l know, cannot legally be kept 
up without the ConSent os the civil 
power, that is to say, without the con-
Sent of parliament ; but if the ^arlia-
ment Should refuse its consent, and the 
military should at the Same time this^ 
itSels an over-match for the civil po^ 
er, are we sure, that it would not it-
Solve to keep itself up without any sixch 
consent ? Are we Sure, that a majcast 
ly of the officers would throw up then 
commands and their pay, when Soli-
cited to the contrary by a favourite g^ 
neral and an ambitious Sovereign^ ThUr 
I ConSess, l am Sar Srom thinking my-
self sure os, and theresore I shall ^ 
^ be 
A 11 G ^ 8 T, IJ^ 
he for keeping up any greater number 
of troopr than just Sufficient to guard 
us against any sudden, unexpected in-
vaSion, and to support the civil power 
upon Some extraordinary occasions. 
But, Sit, the danger our constitution 
raay be exposed to, is not my only 
reason sor being against our keeping up 
any greater number of troopr : Oeco-
nomy is another reason, and a reason 
which onght to have great weight 
in our present circumstances : In my 
opinion, it is a reason of Such weight, 
that I shall be willing to come to a com-
promise with the Hon. gentleman over 
against me. At this proposal l See he 
is SurpriSed ; and I do not wonder at 
it ; for be has bern very little accuse 
'trmed to public negotiations. But in 
this there is to be no Secret article; for 
in short, it is this : If he will agree to 
reduce the expence, I will agree to the 
proposed number of troops. It is asto-
nishing, but it is true, that our army, 
sinall as it is said to be, and as indeed 
it comparatively is, costs us near as 
much as the whole expence of the nu-
merous armies of France, or of those 
oS our chief ally the house of Austria ; 
therefore it is certain, we may very 
much reduce the expence without re-
ducing the number of our army ; and 
I think we should begin with those 
troopr that are the most expensive. I 
know, it is said, that the grandeur of 
the crown must be supported ; but our 
preSent Sovereign has shewn that be 
delpises Such grandeur as consists in no-
thing but expence, by disbanding two 
of the troopr of guards, and reducing 
all the regiments of horse, excepr one, 
to dragoons ; and I cannot fee why the 
reduction oS our expence should stop 
here. A much greater reduction may 
shll be made in our guards, and the re-
maining regiment oS horse may libe-
rie be reduced : Several os our regi-
ments of foot may be d sbanded ; and 
hy adding private men to the rest, we 
may make up the number of our array 
^ what it is at present : By these me-
ntals, and by having no sttff, which 
^ ^ite ufeless in time os peace, we 
^OL. IV, 
may save yearly above 14o,oool. which 
is a saving that in our present circum-
stances highly deferves our attention. 
Upon these terms, Sit, I propose to 
negotiate ; but I expect as little success 
in my negotiation, as our minister^ 
have had in most of their late negotia-
tions; and my expectations are the fame 
Srom any opposition I have made to 
the measure now under our considerati-
on. I know that all opposition is at 
present in vain ; and for my own part, 
l believe, l shall not trouble you v.itb 
much more of it. But upon the pre-
sent question, l thought myfelf buund 
to Speak my Sentiments openly, in or-
der to prevent a wrong construction's 
being pot upon my silence. Therefore 
If l should be bereafter silent, l hope 
it will not be SuppoSed to proceed from 
my having altered any of the opinions 
l have before declared in this house, 
but from my unwillingness to disturb 
that unanimity which I see so constant-
ly prevail; and if the unanimity with-
in doors proceeds from the unanimity 
of the people without, l am Sure, we 
can have no occasion for a numerous 
standing army to guard against the dan-
ger of any domestic disturbance ; As 
little can we, l think, have occasion 
for Such an army to defend usagainst any 
So reign invasion ; for we can never be in 
danger of any Such, whilst we continue 
in the present humour of negotiating ; 
and as we are like to remain Sor Some 
time in this hunacsut, I cannot but think, 
that 15,ooo men will be sully fulicient 
for the service of the ensuing year. 
The next and the fast tb-lt f-eke in this 
Debate, was hervilios Prifcus, Hoy 
P-Ih-m, FSq ; -whuse Speech was thus : 
Mr. President, 
SIR, 
| Never rose up to Speak upon any 
^ Subject wish more concern than up-
on that now under c Sideru.tr.ori. The 
keeping up of a standing army in time 
of peace, hat always its ta-a country 
been a very unpopular measure, .••t.a- e 
of the expence necessarily atte.'a.ag it, 
because of the inconveme^cies soars. of 
T our 
14^ ^d ^AGA^H 
our people are thereby Subjected tra, 
and beranse many plausible arguments 
may be Suggested for shewing it to be 
oS dangerous consequence to our liber-
ties ; Wbich arguments have always 
great weight amongst the vulgar, who 
cannot easily distinguish berwixt an ar-
my kept up against law, and one kepr 
up according to law. As to the for-
mer, I shall grant, that it has always 
been, and always mustbenf the most 
dangerous consequence to the liberties 
of a free people ; but I must insist up-
on it, that an army, while it is kept 
up according to law, can never be at-
tended with any dangerous consequence 
with respect to the liberties os the 
people ; and ^s to the expence, it is 
not near so great as that which the ^reo-
ple would he exposed to, if we had no 
army ; for one rebellion or insurrection 
would in one year bring a greater ex-
pence and lass to the people, than 
would Support Such an army as we 
now have on Soot for Seven years, be-
sides the many other misfortunes which 
attend a civil war; and I am persuaded 
we should never be Seven years at a 
time without Some fucb commotion, if 
we bad no regular troopr in the king-
dorn 
Gentlemen may now, if they please, 
Sir, shew their wit in ridiculing Jaco-
biaiin, and despising the disaffected ; 
hut no one that hears me can have for-
got the time, when but a handful os 
the disaffected Spread terror through-
out the kingdom, when our laughter 
was turned into trembling, and when 
the most witty amongst us generally 
appeared to be the mast fearfal. There-
fore, whatever use gentlemen may 
make of their wat in foraking upon this 
Subject, 1 hope, they will shew their 
judgment in voting ; for it is remar-
kable, that no great reduction was ever 
made of the number os regular troopr 
kept np m this island, but what oc-
casioned arr insurrection, or a plot to-
wards an insurrection, among the dis-
affected The great reduction of our 
armv at the end of t^ueen anne's reign 
was, indeed ^ believe, by some dc-
signed to furnish the disaffected wish 
an opportunity to overturn our esta-
blished government ; and as it would 
have been very unpopular in his late 
majesty to begin his reign with an in-
crease of our army, the consequent 
was a most dangerous insurrection, 
which broke out before the end ofthe 
very first year olhis reign. Again, is 
1718, his late majesty, fortheeale of 
bis subjects, having reduced bis army, 
the consequence was a plot for an in-
vasion from Spain, and an actual in-
surrection of Some of the disaffected ia 
the North os Scotland. And again in 
1722, tho' our army was then, in num-
ber very near to what Some gcarletn^ 
would now reduce it to, a plot was 
hatched by the disaffected, whicli 
would have bern of the most danger-
ous consequence, if it had not hati 
discovered before it could be carried in-
to execution. As to the last most un-
natural rebellion, I need not mentiot, 
because every gentleman must remem-
ber, that it was occasioned by out la-
ving fo sew troopr in the island, most of 
them having been Sant abroad to the 
assistance olour allies upon the conti-
nent ; and the danger we were then 
brought into will, I hope, be a warn-
ing to us never again to expofe our-
selves to the like danger ; for if shear-
rival of our troopr from Flanders had 
been rer.nd-d by contrary winds, hut 
fur three or four weeks, the crown of 
tlaese kingdoms, and together with tt, 
our liberties, properties, and religion. 
would have come to be contended wr 
in a battle fought at the gates of our 
capital ; in which we should have had 
but a very unequal chance, consider-
ing the many raw soldiers we had a-
mong our trtsopr here at home. the 
nick then soread among them, and the 
niamb-rt os irtoists that would pitha-
bly hate joined the rebels, from t^ 
two great cities of London and West-
mander. 
Thus, Sit, we may from evprrientse 
be convinced that the keepings of 
a sufficient standing army within t^ 
islands even in umc as peace, 
AUGUST, ^^ 147 
titdy neceffary sor preserving our do-
mestic tranquility ; and what happened 
ia i722, is to me a proof, that 1 5o00 
men is not sully sufficient for that pur-
pose Our standing army therefore, 
while it is kept up according to law, is 
so Sar from being of any dangerous con-
Sequence to our liberties , that it is the 
only means by which they can be pre-
served, and for no other purpose can it 
he ever kept up according to law*, be-
eaose the parliament would certainly 
refuse its consent to the keeping up of 
an army, upon the very firtt Suspicion 
oS its being intended to be made ufe oS 
gainst our liberties ; and whatever the 
oncers might do, l am persuaded, most 
oS the common Soldiers would disband 
themselves, the moment the mutiny 
hill expired, and would join with the 
parliament in bringing to condign po-
mthment all Such as attempted to force 
them to Serve against law. 
The true nseoS our army heing thus 
Set in a proper light, l am perSuaded, 
Sir. that every gentleman who views 
it in this light, will chearfully contri-
hute his share towards maintaining it, 
Without being under the least apprehen-
frora oS its ever berng in the least dan-
gerous to our liberties ; and as to the 
inconveniencing to which Some os our 
people are Subjected by our keeping up 
a Standing army, let us consider, that 
is this happy country none are thereby 
Ejected tco any the least inconveni-
ence but our inns and poblic houses ; 
lor as to all others, especially our far-
mers, the soldiers are often useful, by 
asHStieg them in harvest, and orher sea-
Sons, when many additional bands are 
wanted. But iS we had no standing 
attny, what numbers oS inconveniences 
attd even dangers would all our people 
^ exposed to ; for the executive pow-
er of ^ur government must be Supported 
ry same means or other against sediti-
on mobs , tumults, and tints, which 
^ald be much more frequent iS we 
lndnu regular troops ; and as often 
as any such thing happened, in cose we 
^ ^ such troops. it would be necef-
^y to call the people or the militia os 
the counry to arms, and often to keep 
them underarms for Several days toge-
ther. Nay, we have one Set of people 
amongst us that, l helieve, it would be 
hardly possible to keep in awe, or to 
punish, w athout a standing army t I 
mean our fmugglers ; sor as many sub-
stantial farmers and tradesmen, upon all 
parts of our coast, mix with such cri-
minals, and become, if not partners, at 
least partakers in their crimes, I doubt 
much if it would be possible to get the 
militia ofthe neighbourhond to march 
against them, or to assist our officers in 
making a seizure ; and therefore "" l am 
apt to think, that it would he impossi-
ble for us to raise the public revenue 
without a standing army, for in a short 
time we should have no such thing as 
a fair trader in the kingdom, with re-
gard to any one article of consumption: 
Even our excise officers would be so 
often opposed and rioted, that it would 
be impossible for them to discharge 
their duty. 
I think I may now venture to affirm. 
Sit, that in our present situation it is 
absolutely neceffary for us to keep up 
a standing army in time os peace as 
well as war, and that army must be 
so numerous as to be sufficient for the 
purposes intended, otherwise we should 
be better without any army at all As 
to the expence as it, l shall admit. that 
our array in proportion to its number 
costs the government a great deal more 
than the armies either of France or 
Austria, but the difference of the ex-
pence to the people is not near so con-
siderable ; becanSe in both those coun-
tries their armies are quartered in pri-
vate as well as public houses, and in a 
great measure live at free quarters, as 
tbeit exactions are generally winked at 
by the government ; sor when a regi-
ment comes to be quartered in any ci-
ty ot village, the officers always first 
quarter themselves and their soldiers 
upon the richest inhabitants, who boy 
themselves off by paying a large Sum 
to the commanding officer, from whence 
they go toquarter upon the poorer Sort 
os people, and if these are oppressed 
T ^ b^ 
by their military guests, they are very 
little able to contest the matter. espe-
cially as the governors ol provinces to 
wnom they must make their complaint, 
are generally officers os the army. 
Thus we must lee, Sit, that tho' she 
expence of our army he proportionally 
greater tu the government, it may per-
hapr be proportionally less to the peo-
ple ; and granting thai it is greater to 
both, l should think myself a very un-
faithful servant to my Saovercign. if I ad-
vised him to attempt to reduce the pay 
either ar the officers or foldaers of has 
armyi for it hat bern so long established 
by custom, that a reduction os it might 
pr rbably cause a mutiny in the army : 
Besides, we should consider. that tho' 
their pay be now nominally the fame 
it was 6o or 7o years ago, yet it is not 
really of equal value, because a sixpence 
or a shilling will not now go So Sat in the 
purchase olthe sieceSlaries or conve-
niencies of' la in, as it would have done 
bo or 7o years ago. ^ 
If this be considered, Sir, I believe, 
no gentleman will think, that the pay 
either as our officers or Soldiers can be 
reduced ; and as to she reform propos-
ed in our troops, his majesty, out of his 
great regard for the ease of bis people, 
his already gone as far as ke can. The 
Snot-guards cannot he redueed lower 
tnan they are at present ; and the re-
maining troopr of horse-guards are not 
really finhcient fas the Service as the 
several heanches of the royal family ; 
fur that Service is and must often be 
Supplied by detachments from the blue 
regiment of horse, which makes it im-
practicable to reduce that regiment to 
dragoons, as all the rest of the regiments 
oShorse have already been. Then as 
to our marching regiments, the present 
establishment ;s at the rate oS 7o men 
to a company. which is as many as a 
capram and two Subalterns can pOssibly 
keep in order, and under due discipline ; 
If you should increase she number, they 
would not only be unfit for Service, but 
would become So unruly as to be very 
troublesome to the neighbuurbood in 
every place where they were quarter 
ed. In short, Sis. I have heard many 
general Schemes oS economy proposed 
but when they came to be particularly 
examined, the very gentlemen who 
proposed them Sound themfelves oblig-
ed to give up first one, and then ano-
ther particular article, till at last they 
had given up the whole- Even sae 
Saving upon our marine, which was last 
year agreed to, we have this year bees 
forced to give up ; because other na-
tions are endeavouring to worm us out 
of our trade, and may Succeed, is ^ 
do not protect it by our navy; Sor 
which purpose a squadron must be kept 
on the coast oS Africa, and there is nunr 
another in she iorst- indies. 
To conclude Sis. I have the plea-
Sure to think, and even to be convin-
ced, that the nation is at present in 1 
very happy situation. Our trade in-
creases daily, as appears from trie ac-
counts buth ol our imports and export, 
especially the latter ; and the late r^ 
duction of interest will put us in a way 
of paying off a considerable part oltlie 
poblac debt yearly, which payment vre 
shall of course be able to increase every 
year, if not prevented by a foreign war, 
which is not likely to happen for sev^ 
ral years to come ; for tho* there iast 
be Some nations in Europe, that incline 
to disturb the present tranquility, yet 
if those who can make war do not in-
cline to do lo, the others mult continue 
to pot a restraint upon their inclinations. 
In this situation can we wonder at th^ 
unanimity that prevails either within 
doors or without ? Has any thing bern 
of late attempted that can give t^ 
least colour to an opposition . Lei ^ 
therefore bold ourselves well, whilst ^ 
are in, without engaging in any tast 
projects, which may be attended ^ 
consequences that no human pruderat 
can foresee ; and os this kind I ^ 
the propused reduction oS our arr^. 
for which reafon l shall most heartily 
give my vote against it, 
[This Journal ts he continued in enrs^ 
eq Sutures 
^if A 11 G Id 8 To LJ^ 
d Summary of the most important Assairs 
in the hist Session of PARL1 AM ENT, 
continuedfrom p. 55. 
T^H E next affair of this kind (viz. 
| where bills seem to have been 
designed, but none were actu ally brought 
in) which we shall take notice of, was 
likewiSe oS great conseq ience, and was 
introduced by a petition from S.veral 
merchants in the county oS Norsu/k, 
which was presented to the house, Dec. 
17, 1751, Setting Sorth the Several laws 
in being for granting bounties upon the 
exportation of corn ; and that the pe-
titioners had in and since Ju^r 1750, 
exported great quantities os corn intit-
led to the Said bounties, and had duly 
obServed all the directions in the Said 
laws Contained Sor intitling themselves 
to the Said bounties, and in the most 
regular manner applied to the commissi-
which were only ordered to lie upon 
the table, without any Surther notice 
being taken of them ; but it is to be 
supposed, that all these petitioners have 
since received paymentof what was due 
to them, as that branch of the public 
revenue properly called the customs. 
Seems to be chargeable in the first place 
with the bounties upon corn exported ; 
and consequently no part oS the produce 
thereoS should be paid into tbe exche-
quer, until all Such bounties have been 
discharged. Whether this will not 
make a deficiency this year in the ag-
gregate Sund, is a qucltion that cannot 
be determined before next session. 
January 14, there was presented to 
the house a petition oS the manufactur-
ers of hats, setting forth That of late 
years the foreign trade had much de-
clined, which they attributed, amongst 
others, to the following causes, viz. 
1. To the many rival manufactures. 
oners of the customs sor payment of of late years Set up in foreign countries. 
she same; but that the said commissi- 2 To the very great rise in the price 
oners had not caused payment to be 
made of the bounty money So be-
come due to them, Sor npwands oS a 
year then last past, nor were the peti-
tioners able to procure payment there-
of, whereby they were great Sufferers, 
as they had, in expectation of the Said 
os heaver in this country. which of late 
years hat advanced upwartls of 75 I. 
per cent. owing, as they apprehend. 
in part to the annual import ol beaver 
skins being of late years much decreaS-
ed, and the export thereof greatly in-
creased by means of their having a draw-
bounty, given greater prices to the far- ^ack on exportation of more than half 
triers for the Sard corn, than they other- the duty paid on importation o 3. To 
wise should have done ; thereSore pray-
ing the houSe to take the premises into 
their consideration, and to make Such 
provision Sor the payment oS the peti-
tioners, and sor the payment of such 
bounty as should thereafter hecome due 
by virtue of the said acts, as to the 
hOufe should seem meet. 
At the Same time another petition to 
the Same effect was presented from the 
merchants oS the King's-Lynn in Aor-
so^k ; and at Several times aSterWarcls, 
there were petitions to the Same effect 
presented Srom Yarmouth, Ipswich, Aor-
wich, Colehestcr, Southampton, Newport 
m the Iste os Wight, Chichester, Win-
chester, Shoreham, and several places in 
she counties os York and Durham, all 
the annual import oSbeaver into France 
by their Canada company, being much 
larger than all the beaver imported here, 
either Sroen Hudyons-bay, or Srom our 
plantations. 4. To the French having 
lately prohibited under layere penalties 
the export of any beaver. Sand a Hedg-
ing, that the price and quantity os 
beaver being shus greatly .in favour of 
the foreigners, who have also the ad-
vantage of cheaper labour, they are 
thereby enabled to vand their hats in 
foreign markets upon lower terms than 
the british manufacturers can de> which 
threatens the total loss os the Said to 
^ The dety it near 5d. i, and the 
desawhack neetr ^ d per piece. 
trade 
^d .^AGA^l^E ^^AGA^l^FS, 
trade to the British Subjects; and there-
Sore praying the house togtant Such relies 
and encouragement to the said manu-
sacture, as the credit and importance 
thereof deserves. 
This petition Yvas resorted to a com-
mittee, to examine and state to the 
boufe the matter of fact contained 
therein ; and petitions of the Same na-
ture being aSterwards presented Srom tile 
bat-makers at Chester, and Manchester, 
they were reserred to the Same com-
mittee, whoSe report was made to the 
houSe by Mr. Alexander Hume on Feb. 
II, and it was resolved, that the houfe 
would on Monday then next, the i7th, 
resolve itlell into a committee of the 
whole houle, to consider of the Said re-
port ; but this order was adjourned 
from time to time, and at last, March 
(5, entirely dropt, as it had been re-
Solved, that an end should be put to the 
session as Soon as possible. 
Jan. 17, there was presented to the 
houSe, a petition Srom a great number 
of master taylors and stay-makers, 
within tile bills of mortality, reciting 
the act of the Seventh year oS his late 
majesty, for regulating journeymen tay-
lors; and setting Sorth, That the pe-
titioners bad been always willing to 
comply with the Said act, but were 
then, and had been Sor Some years past, 
at times, threatened and terrified, and 
abused by the journeymen taylors, for 
Such their compliance, in a riotous and 
tumultuous manner and had been o-
bliged at different times, to apply to 
bis majesty in council, and to the sub-
ordinate civil power, at very great ex-
pence, Sor protection aud redress ; and 
particulaily last Summer, the petition-
ers applied to the quarter Sessions of 
Midd^eX, to ascertain and Settle she 
wages of their journeymen; whereup-
on, after consideration, and bearing 
council, an order was made, to allow 
the journeymen as. per day during 
the winter half-year, and 2s. 6d. . per 
day during the Summer half-year, with 
which order the journeymen seemed to 
be Satisfied till the Michaelmas follow-
ing, when they rose in great numbers, 
and in a riotous manner demanded 2s. 
6d- per day, contrary to the said order; 
that upon this the jeournevmen oS the 
city os London, Seeing what advantage 
their brethren at Westminster had ob-
tained under the said order, were en-
couraged to apply to the general quar-
ter setfiona in London, held after Mi-
chaelmas last, to have their vvages ad-
vanced, and the hours of their work 
lessened; whereupon the court ordered 
their wages to be Settled at as. a day 
for three quarters of the year, and as. 
6d. for she remaning quartet, and took 
off one hour in every day from the time 
of working ; that upon this the jour-
neymen of Westminster, observing the 
variance between the Said orders, had 
last Christmas presumed to apply again 
to the quarter Sessions fcr Middlesex, 
to advance their wages still higher, and 
to lessen their hour. of work, which 
petition was then depending : that the 
petitioners, vexed with their proceed-
ings, and feeing no and to these distar. 
bances and litigations^ had found it ne. 
ceffary to refort to the house Sor re-
dress ; that they had, Sor many reasons, 
found the laid act of parliament insuffi-
cient Sor their relies, and that notwith-
standing the aid, oS that law. they had 
not bern able to curb the insolence, or 
Suppress the riots. os the said journey-
men taylors, or prevent them from ex-
torting larger wages than their labaur 
deServed, to the disquiet os the public 
peace, and the evil example of all 
journeymen and laboured in other 
branches of trade and business ; and 
therefore praying, that the said act 
might he amended, that the wages and 
hours of work might be ascertained, 
and that fome one court might be ap-
pointed, finally to determine any diffe-
rence which might arise in both cities. 
This petition was refered to a com-
mittee to examine the matter thereof, 
and report the lame, with their opinion 
thereupon, to the houle ; and on the 
a8th, there was presented a petition 
from several journeymen taylors and 
stay-makers within the bills of morta-
lity, relating to the above petition, and 
representing 
J^p AUGUST,.. 
reprcfenting, that ncitheir they, nor any 
other persons with their privity, know-
ledrre, or consent, had threatened, ter-
rified, or abused the mater taylors, or 
stay makers, in a riotous and tumultu-
ous manner, nor had acted in any ways 
as represented by the Said petition, but 
that thefe petitioners hoped to prove, 
that they were in general honed and 
industrious men, who desired to get 
their bread in an honest way ; and tnat 
they thought it would be a great op-
pression upon them, that the masters 
should get an exorbitant profit out oS 
their honest labour i and therefore 
praying, that they might hate leave 
to be heard by their counsel before the 
Said committee ; which veas granted by 
the houSe. and the committee instruct-
ed to admit counsel at the same time 
upon the petition oS the masters. 
Feb. 6, it was ordered, that all Such 
members as should attend the Said com-
mittee should have voices ; and March 
4, Sir Peter Warren made the report 
stum the Said committee, which was 
ordered to be taken into consideration 
on the Saturday following, being the 
7th ; but this order being adjourned to 
the i 2th, was then entirely dropped. 
It is Surprising, that the many com-
plaints we have os the Same kind with 
this oS the taylors, have never produc-
ed a new and general law, Sor prevent-
ing all combinations, eitber of master 
tradesmen Sor lowering the price oS la-
bour, or increasing the number of w. rk-
ltig hours, or of journey -men for raising 
the price of labour, or diminishing the 
number of woi king hours ; for all such 
combinations are oppressive, ard not 
only ought, but may be prevented by 
a standing law ^ but it is ridiculous to 
think of fixing the price of any fort of 
labaur by a standing law ; because one 
man may deservc a day better than 
another deserves one ; and one man 
may do morc work in one buur than a-
nuther can do in two : Besides, it is 
certain, that no good reafon can be gi-
^en, why a poor labuuring man 
should not be allowed to take advan-
tage of a great demand for his Sort of 
labour, as well as every other man is 
allowed to take advantage of a great 
demand for any Sort oS commodity he 
bas to Sell. 
The Same day the above-men'ioned 
petition Srom the master taylors vaas 
presented, there was a petition present-
ed from Several merchants, exporters, 
and manufacturers of British sail-cloth, 
reciting tl e clause in the act os the 23d 
of his present majesty. for granting a 
sum out of the finking sund, &c. by winch 
the payment of the bounties upon the 
exportation of such sail-cloth was in-
tended to be secured ; and representing, 
that the said intention had been entirely 
defeated, ley reason that several other 
bounties were changed upon the Said 
sund (the old subsidy) and the payment 
of Such bounties had, by restriction in 
the said clause, a prcSerence to the said 
payment os the bounties upon British 
made Sail-cloth ; and as debentures 
were continually standing out upon ac-
count os Such other bounties, it was 
impossible to obtain any allowance up-
on exportation oS the Said manufactures, 
and the bounties were wholly in atreaa 
es er since the passing os the Said clause ; 
and theiesore praying, that tire pay-
ment osthc bounties granted Sor tire 
Support and encouragement of this im-
portant and valuable manufacture, 
might be Secured and paid, in the 
Same manner, as the other bounties 
charged upon the Said Sund are Secured 
and paid. or that Such other relies might 
be granted, as to the house should Seem meet, 
This petition was treated in the Same 
manner as she ab vementaoiied corn pe-
titions, that is to say, it was ordered to 
lie u^ on the table, and no Surther no-
tice taken of it ; because, we reckon, it 
was supposed, that the export of com 
will not be So considerable in time to 
come as it has been Sor three or Sour 
years past, and then the produce of the 
old subsidy may perhaps anSwer to pay 
off all these debentures ; bot if it should 
not, they must Soon be Some way or 
other provided Sor by parliament ; for 
it is a hardship upon the exporters of our 
maraufacttaree 
^d ^AdA^l^ 
manufactures and corn, to be kept out 
of their money for years without any 
interest. 
The last affair of this kind which we 
shall take notice of, was a petition pre-
ferred, Feb. 25, from the prisoners in 
the King's Bench prison, Setting forth, 
That the prison in which they were 
confined, was an old ruinous structure, 
expofed to all the inclemencies of wea-
ther, equally during the heats of Sum-
mer and at the Same time fo narrow 
and inconvenient, that the petitioners 
were sometimes crowded to the num-
ber of seventeen in a room, by which 
many prisoners had died fur want of at-
tendance and necessariea during their 
sickness, which they could not obtain, 
were their distresses ever fo great, or 
their diseases ever fo violent, in their 
then miserable situation ; that during 
the heats of summer, the 'petitioners, 
thro' such crowding, were liable to pes-
tilential diseases, of which great numbers 
of late had died, which the petitioners 
in fome measure attributed to the great 
increase of prisoners of late years, by 
which the said prison was become ut-
terly unfit for the purposes of a goal, 
and fatal to the constitutions and lives 
os the unhappy prisoners ; that the pe-
titioners, upon applying for relief to 
the marshal of the fald prison, understood 
that the property of the building belong-
ed to the public, but that the profits 
of the prison went to private persons, 
by virtue of a mortgage of the said pro-
fits, granted in ^the reign of King 
Charles IL to William Lenthal, Elq; to 
whom, and his heirs, the profits of the 
said prison were granted by the crown, 
and which have been Secured to the af-
figns of the mortgagees by subsequent 
acts of the legislature ; and that, upon 
the whole, the petitioners were cut out 
from all benefit, but from parliament ; 
that the petitioners, as being the molt 
distressed and the most helpless part of 
the poor of this kingdom, flattered 
thernselves that they became thereby 
she objects of she care and compassion 
of the house, eSpecially at a time, when 
sbo relief of the poor was become the 
peculiar consideration of parliament, 
and therefore, under theSe most calami-
tous circumstances, they flew for relief 
to the compassion of the houSe, to Save 
them from suffering, in a land of liberty, 
those miseries, which are intolerable la 
themfelves, and inconsistent with prin-
ciples of humanity ; and praying far 
reliefin such manner, as to the houle 
should Seem proper. 
This petition was resorted to a com-
mittee, to examine the matter thereof, 
and report the same, as it should ap-
pear to them, to the house ; with pow-
er to lend for persons, papers and re-
cords ; and all that came to the com-
mittee were to have voices. The 
committee proceeded accordingly with 
great vigour in inquiring into this cala-
mitous and Snamesul affair ; Several 
priSoners were by order brought before 
them and examined, and among the 
rest, the famous baron Steine, former 
ly king of Corsica ; and, March 24, 
lieutenant-general Oglethorp made a 
report from the said committee, which 
with the appendix he delivered in at 
the table ; but tho' all or most oS she 
facts set forth in the petition appeared 
to be true, the affair dropt here ; fur 
such was the hurry for putting an end 
to the session, that it was prorogued be-
fore any thing more could be done ; 
and for one year more at least thole 
unhappy prisoners, many of whom are 
certainlv rather objects of companion 
than of Justice, must languish in a noi-
some dungeon. 
(To be continued s 
Extract of a Letter from a Perses d 
Note in Nova-Scotia, communica?^ 
the Fuhlee by a Merehaut, to fuptly ^ 
Defects and Errors of other Accounts-
HEN the sleet from England ar-
rived here la'l Summer, it ^ 
reported that the French governor of 
Canaela had posted a detachment, ^re-
sisting of an oS^cer and bo regular 
troops, at St. John's river on she ^ 
AUGUST) 
Jide of the bay os Fnndy, aod in the 
heart of this province : This was more 
easily credited, as the ramparts of an 
old sort there, with very little experace 
might have heen repaired into a defen-
sible fort. Upon a seeming confirma-
tion of this report, capr. Rons in the 
Albany sloop of war, was sent thither 
to know the truth of it, and with or-
ders, as is supposed, to dispossess them : 
On his return we found that the French 
had attempted nothing near the mouth 
of the river ; but that they were about 
to Secure themSelves at Some considera-
ble distance from it, at a place the 
French governor claimed as a southern 
boundary of Canada or New-Franre. 
This being in a country inhabited by 
lesinn, and the navigation of the ri-
ver being unknown to most of the E -
glish, nothing fartber then could be done. 
In September or October following, 
^donS. le Corne, an experienced French 
officer, at the head oS 7o regular troopr, 
and a party oS Canaela irtegulars, was 
Sent to take post at the Isthmus of 
Chignecto, being about 4o leagues 
eastward of that river, and of the ex-
tent oS a line they clae. ', from lake 
mplain to the westward on the back 
oS Naw-Engiand, to she gulph oS St, 
Laurence. To this place the Indians re-
ported to the number os 3oo ; who fix-
ing here their bead quarters, made Seve-
ral incursions upon the Peninsula since, 
hut have Seldom done any mischief 
As the Natm Scotia French in that 
pert oS the province are the most diss 
affected oS any, and have always he-
haved with contempt to the British go-
vernment, tho* poffeffed of a very fine 
country, governor Cornwall, who had 
indulged them with a long term of 
deliberation in regard to the taking the 
oaths to his majesty, to no purpose, 
lent a strong party, consisting of near 
5oo troopr and rangers (to take pos-
session oS Chignecto, and to break up 
the rendezvous of the French and he-
^ans) commanded by major Lawrence 
as WarburyOn's regiment. 
The Asherny sloop, and Several Sloopr 
and Schooners, mcyc Sent round to Mi-
wherc the forces cmhatkcd on 
IV. 
April 2o, and artiving Safe, landed at 
Chirnecto the 23tl. On their approach 
to the town, which consisted oS about 
14o houses and a churches, the Indians. 
probably induced by the French com-
mandant, reduced the whole to ashes 
in a sew botirs, and the inhabitants 
crossing the river, threw themselves es a 
under bis protection. on what they 
called the French side of the line. The 
reafon assigned Sor burning the town is. 
that it steoeid on ground they pleased at 
present to call English. 
As many oS the inhabitants had tak-
en arms. making their united Sorce 
Consist (as they Say')oS near 1 5oo arm-
ed men, the major Sent a flag os truce 
(they having hoisted a Frene-h flag) to 
know the reaSon of their acting in this 
hostile manner, and afterwards had an 
interview with Monf le Corne; upon 
which our forces reimbarked, and aro 
Safely returned to Minas. 
What passed at this interview is not 
made public, but it is probable the 
enemv were too well secured, and had 
too great a Superiority, to make an 
attempt practicable. 
This line which the French would 
now extend their claim to, will range 
easterly from Crown Point nearly in 
the latitude oS 44 d.eg. 3o nain. which 
will not only cut off Some millions cf 
acres, the indisputable property os the 
A^ew England colonies ; but Sailing into 
a place called Penobfcut-Bay, gives the 
French near three quarters os Accadia, 
or Nova Scotia, according to its ever 
known and acknowledged boundaries, 
and abuVe i oo leagues oS fine Sea-
coast, covered with innumerable islands, 
fine harbours, and fishing banks, that 
will in time of war put it in their power 
to cut off the whole trade of the nor-
thern colonies, ruin the Settlement wo 
are making, and beggar the whole 
continent ; besides furnishing them 
with a fertile country covered with an 
inexhaustible stock of trees and timber, 
for building and masting their navy ; 
and appears to me of much more con-
sequence to the nation, than the 
Scorched neutral islands oS Tobago, St, 
Le.cin, &c. 
U ^ 
^'d M AGA ^ 1 N E ^ A G A ^ I ^ E 8, 
For our Readers Amusement, we shall 
give them the following remarkable 
Story of a Gentleman walking in 
bis Sleep, as related by a Foreigner. 
RAYING a visit to a friend in the 
Jv^ country, 1 met there an Italian 
gentleman, called monsagnior Agostino 
Fosati, who was, it seems, a Night-
Walker, ora Person, who, whilst alleep, 
does all the actions ol otre awake. He 
did not Seem to exceed the age of 3o; 
veas lean, black, and oS an extream 
melancholy complexion ; had a Sedate 
understanding, a great penetration, and 
a capacity for the most abstracted 
Sciences : His extraordinary fits used 
generally to seize him in the Wane oS 
the .Moon, but with greater Violence 
inthe autumn and the winter, than in 
the Spring and Summer. 1 had a strange 
curiosity to be an eye witness os what 
was told rne; and had prevailed with 
his valet de chambre to give me notice 
when his master was likely to renew 
his vagary. One night, about the end 
of October, aster Supper, the company 
amused themselves with little plays, and 
signior Agostino made one amongst the 
rest : He aSterwards retired, and went 
to bed about eleven ; bis valet caane 
Soon alter, and told us, that his matter 
would that night have a walking fit, 
and desired us, if we pleased, to come 
and observe him. I came to his bed-
Side with a light in my. hand, and saw 
him lying upon his back, with his eyes 
open but fixed, and without the least 
motion, which was aSuresign, it seems, 
olhis approaching disorder. I took him 
by the hands, and Sound them very 
cold ; I felt his Pulse, and found it fO 
Slow, that his blood Seen a 'd to have no 
circulation. We played at trick-track 
till the Scene ol action opened' At or 
about midnight, Senior Agostino drew 
the Curtains briskly, rose and dressed 
himfelf' well enough ; 1 approached 
him with the candle at his very nole, 
Sound him insensible, with his eyes still 
wide open and immoveable. Before he 
put on ins hat, he teak his Belt, out 
of which the Sword had been remov-
ed for sear ol acaidents ; lor Some of 
thele night walkers Yvill deal their blows 
like madmen, without reserve. In this 
equipage elid signior Agostino walk Seve-
ral times backwards and forwards itt 
his chamber ; lie came to the fire-fide, 
fat down iti an elbow-chair, and went 
Some little time aSter into a claoset, 
where was his portnaanteua ; he fum-
bled in it a long time, turned every 
thing topSy-turvy, and alter putting all 
again in order, he shut the portman-
teau, and put the key in his pocket, 
whence he drew a letter, and put it co-
ver the chimney ; he went to the 
chamber door, opened it, and proceed-
ed down stairs : When he was tome 
to the buttoni, oneoS the company get-
ting a great fall signior Agostino seemed 
frightened at the noise, and mended his 
pace : His valet bid us walk Softly, 
and not to Speak becaule when any 
noise was made near lrim and inter-
mixed with his dreams, he became fori-
ous, and ran with the greatest precipi-
tancy, as iS pursued t He traversed the 
whole court, which was very Spacious, 
and proceeded directly to the stable ; 
he went in, stroakrd, and caressed his 
horse, bridled him, and was going to 
saddle him, but nut finding the saddle 
in the place where it used to hang, he 
seemed very uneasy, like a man dilao-
pointed ; he mounted, however, his 
horse, and gallopped to the house door, 
which was shut : He ensinounted, and 
taking up a cabbage stalk, he knocked 
fotioullv againSt the door; aSter a great 
deal ol labour lost, he remounted his 
horse, guided trim to the pond, which 
was at the other .and ol the court, let 
him drink, went afterwards and tied 
liim to his Manger, and then returned 
to the house with great agility : At the 
noise Some Servants made in the kitchen, 
he was very attentive, came near the 
door, and cl.qopeo his ear to the key-
hule ; but pasling all on a Sudden to the 
other fide, he entered a low Parlour, 
where w as a biliard-table ; he walked 
backwards and Sorwards, and used the 
Same postures as is he had been plast 
J^f A D G is 8 T, 17^ 
lag effectually : He proceeded thence 
So a pair ol virginals, upon which he 
could play pretty well, and made fome 
jangling ; at last, after two hours ex-
ercise, he returned up stairs to his 
chamber, and threw himSelS, in his 
cloaths upon the hed, where we found 
him next morning at nine in the same 
posture that Yve had left him ; lor up-
on thete occasions he always slept eight 
or ten hours together. His Valet told 
us, there were but two ways to reco-
ver him out of one oS these fits : One 
was to tickle him strongly upon the Soles 
ol his Seet ; the other to loud a horn or 
trumpet, at his ears. 
Against Evil Speaking. 
f^^la of the deepest causes of Evii 
aipea/ing is iii nature and erueity of 
disposition ; and, by a general mistake, 
ill nature passetb for wit, as cunning 
does for wisdom ; though, in truth, 
they are not a kin to one another, but 
as far distant as vice to virtue ; and 
there is no greater evidence of tbe bad 
temper of mankind than the general 
proaeness to this viae. 
To Speak evil of others is almost be-
come general, and the great business of 
most, meeting, .is this vice ; 'tis sauce 
for conversation : bad men rather hear 
evil of others, than good, and are se-
cretly pleased with ill reports, especial-
ly if it aoncerns one of another party. 
Another cause of this vice : when 
men are bad themselves, they are glad 
of an opportunity to censure others, 
and are apt to fufpect that evil which 
they know by themselves, and are in-
clined to bring men on a level, hoping 
it will be some justification of them, if 
they car, but render others as bad as 
themselves. 
Another fort of this vice is malice and 
revenge. Many are fo devilish as to 
invent salle reports on pusposeto blast 
men s reputation ; this is a diaholical 
temper. The serpture tells us, That 
a slanderous tongue is set on fire of 
t and the devil hash bit name from 
calumny and false reports ; and it is hr^ 
nature, Sor he's always ready to stir up 
and foment this evil spirit. 
Another caufc of evil Speaking is en-
eay. Men look with an evil eye upon 
the good that is in others, and think 
their reputation obscures them, and 
therefore they do what they can to ob-
fcure them : as foon as they have got 
an ill report, to work they presently 
go, to Send it abroad, for fear the inno-
cent man's justification should overtake 
it. 
Another cause of evil Speaking is im-
pertinence and curiosity, an itch and talk-
ing of other men's assairs, and are leffh 
to seem ignorant of fo important a piece 
of news as the faults and failings of 
men, to qnalise themselves for compa-
ny whose talents are chiefly that way. 
*Tis a cruel pleasure to worry the 
reputation of others much better than 
thcmSelves. Solomon compares this fort 
of men to distracted persons that castetla 
firebrands : fo is a man that desametlr 
his neighbour. *Tis an injury he can 
never make him nor his family amends. 
A man*s religion is vain, that bndletia 
not his tongue, 
A great deal more might be quoted. 
but 1 doubt I shall tire you and your 
readers. I am, 
July 6, SIR, 
1752. Your constant reaeler 
and well-wisher, &c, 
The LlFE of MA R Y ^ueen ofSCOTS, 
continued seom p. 20. 
'^TONE received her Majesty with 
greater tokens of loyalty than 
ber illegitimate brother James Stuart. 
whom she now created Earl of lkfurray-
But lie could not be deterred from his 
treasonable practices by any os her roy-
al favours. . For as foon as the States 
were assembled, under a pretence of 
settling the' commotions of the king-
dom, he assumed the first place there-
in, and excluded the bishops, butb from 
thence and srom the presence of her 
Majesty ; least they should prevent 
at ^ tha^ 
^ MAGA^l^E ^MAGA^l^LS 
that act whicli'now pasted to prohibit 
all innovation about religion ; and that 
every thing should remain in the Same 
state, as they were in before her Ma-
jesty's return ; which he had address 
enough to gain the Gueen to sign ; tho' 
thereby she, contrary to her education, 
deprived herself of the company and 
advice of her own bishopr ; and deli-
vered them, ejected from their fees, up 
to their enemies. Then he appointed 
a council of twelve nobles, who with 
him at their head, took the whole go-
vernment of the kingdom upon them-
.^lves. 
Having thus got the Gueen wholly 
into his power, the Earl promoted the 
work of reformation : left the Gueen 
but one priest, who durst not openly 
appear about the palace, to give her 
the sacrament ; and, under pretence 
of treasons, and other crimes, banished 
from the court all thofe in whom he 
discovered any inclination to interrupt 
his polities. Nor did he sear to detract 
from the character of his sovereign ; 
whom he loaded by his emissaries with 
many unjust asporsions, to render her 
odious to the unthinking deceived pec-ple 
In the mean time this beautissil roy-
al widow was demanded in marriage 
by the Kings of Spain and Sweden ref-
pectively a but Murray, who was pav-
ing the way for himself to the throne, 
artfully persuaded her to reject thefe 
proposals. And in order to exclude 
the HalnialCon family, who were next in 
the succession to the throne os Scotland 
he raised a great misunderstanding a-
gainst it ; and gained many of the nobi-
lity to juin with him to fet it oside, a-
mon^st whom was the Earl of Le-ox, 
at that time an exile in England; hav-
ing persuaded the Gtaten to marry his 
eldest son Damley, about nineteen years 
old. But whether .this was at first pro, 
poSed by Murray tho' inclination, or 
only to sound the (Queen's intention, is 
not certain. Hcoweset, this led Mary 
into greater difficulties. The ^ueen 
•••S '•• •• -rf.' ^ i • 
of England, who, as another author 
writes, having proposed the Lord /duel-
ley, E. of Leicester, in marriage to Mi-
ry, threatened her with an invasion of 
her dominions if she would not deliver 
up to her laud Darnley, now beari^ 
the title of King of Scotland 
It was now that Mary began to re-
pent of her too great credulity. But 
thinking it better late than never to 
provide for her own safety, she raised a 
considerable army in her own defence, 
and routed the diiturhers of her peace 
with a considerable victory. After 
which E/izaheih resolving to take her 
by fubtilty, pretended a more than or-
dinary affection to bet, made her a pre-
sent of a diamond divided into two 
parts, as a token ofher perpetual love, 
and with assurances to assist her in all 
extremities, whenever her half thereof 
should he produced. Mary in return, 
ordered a heart to he engraved on the 
other half of the diamond, and to he 
ses in a ring, which she presented to 
E/izaheth, witii these verses. 
Non me roateries facit fuperbrtm. 
t^rrod ferro iirfrrperabilis, qund igni ; 
Non candor macula earens. nitori. 
Non lux perspieur. nec ars ma^iftri 
t^ui ft-rmam dedit hanc, soquaci 
Cirnestijt elegauterauro : 
Sed quod cor s^ominx meat figure 
Tam certa exprirmo poctorerrt recluse 
Cor fa luminihuSqu^at vlderi, 
Cor non Sumirra certiuS vidrrent. 
Sic cotstantia firma cordi utsrquo 
Sic candor macula earens, nitoris 
Sicluxporfpicui, nihil doli intus 
Celans. omnia denique asqua prater 
Unarm duritiem, dein secundus 
Hie graders mihi fortis est fa vent is, 
Talem Heroida qund videre sperem 
t^ualem mihi Spes nulla erat videndi 
Aetiqua Domina Semel reliCta, 
Ofr Sors mihi laxit utti uSque 
Nectam ur corda adamantina catena 
curiam necfufpicio, amuSatlone 
Livorve. ant ndiiim aut senecta solvate 
Tam heaiior omrribeas lapilIis. 
Tam Srm efarior omnibus lapilIis, 
Tam frm earior omnibus lapiilis. 
S^uam Sum durier omnibus lapilli^ 
[To be Continued ] 
J^r AUGUST, 17^ 
modern Conversation how to he improved 
td R kind and merciful Creator, 
studious of the welfare of his 
creatures, has provided our mortal state 
with many comfortable advantages, to 
Smooth the rugged paths of life, and 
by Several instances of mercy to lead us 
to him who is the author of all the 
good we enjoy, and has an undoubted 
right to the gratitude of our hearts and 
lives. Among the blessings we receive, 
conversation is none of the least ; how 
does this fweeren the cares of life, and 
is rightly enjoy'd, tends to improve 
our minds in knowledge and virtue ! 
How does this blessed art refine our 
understanding, fit us for usefulness in 
company, and render us tbe delightful 
object of every one's esteem ! 
In this relpect what a flagrant in-
stance have we ol that old truth, that 
the very best of things may be abused : 
to go about to prove this will be need-
leSs, though to mention a sew instances 
may be proper. 
And how greatly is this blessed sa-
culty of fpeech abuled, when (to use the 
expressions os an excellent author of 
the last age on another occasion) fome 
fpend the time which their weariness 
redeems from converse with brutes, 
^ in making themselves fuch, by drink-
^ ing away the little residue of wit and 
' reason they have left ; mixing with 
" this gentle exercise their impure and 
^ Scurrilous drolleries, that they may 
befriend one another with the kind 
occasion of proving themSelves to 
^ be yet of the human race, by this 
^ only demonstration remaining to 
^ them, that they can laugh ; which 
^ medium, is the wifdem of the jast 
^ ^ere known, would be found fo 
^ ^regnant as to alford them a dou-
^ hie conclusion, and be as effectual 
^ oftentimes to prove them fools, as 
men**. 
Happy would it be for us if such be-
haviour was confined only to the Esaus 
^ the field their converse with and a-
^tltdogss hare^ and horsea much 
leading that way. But civilized men. 
who have bern engaged all the day 
either in commercial or mechanical as-
Sairs, Should, methiokS, have Somewhat 
better to think of, at a time when 
they are retired from the cares and toils 
of the day. How useful, as well as im-
proving might one hour be, if fpent in 
the true enjoyment of a friend's com-
pany ? Would not the occurrences of 
the day, and some uSeful observations 
thereon, astord matter enough for con-
versation, without running into foolish 
and unprofitable talk, or which is worse 
into fcandal and reproach ? If men thus 
ufeSully em plov ld their leisure hours, 
how would it Shut out that which is the 
disgrace of human nature, the defaming 
other persons characters t And this is 
often done (1 would hope) not with any 
evil design or malicious intention, but 
merely to fill up, or rather kill an hour. 
And bow industrious foever our own 
Sex have been to fling this upon the 
fair sex (whose tender hearts, methinks, 
I would, if possible, fuppofe void of 
thoSe worse than Savage dispositions) 
yet the buttles and glaffes, could they 
fpeak, would hear witness of as much 
fcandal as the cupr and saucers of' the 
tea-table. Was 1 not afraid of being 
too prolix, I would mention a Sew 
things in order to Set this vice in its 
proper light, but shall at present only 
mention one thing, and that is, Let the 
person who is liable to be guilty of shis 
atrocious vice only Suppose himfelf to 
be the Subject of conversation : Let 
this remark be well considered, and it 
may Suffice Sor Some very valuable pur-
pose. 
IS then so geat an evil proceeds from 
want of subject matter, I would humbly 
propose a metlind in order to correct 
and improve modern conversation ; and 
I should not venture to do it but from 
the observation I have made, and in se-
veral companies made up of very good 
and usesul persons, there has cither by 
Silence, or what is foil as bad, the entire-
ly devoting themselves to trifles, apa-
peared a want ol topick. 
Let tina custom then be i^roduced 
into Some polite and genteel company, 
or, l would rather lay into every Set of 
company who meet to enjoy one ano-
ther by mutual converse, aod would 
come away the better and more im-
proved. That as Soon as the usual 
compliments ol civility are over, there 
bo by mutual consent, an useful and en-
tertaining theme, by way osquestion, 
introduced by the senior person, or any 
one who shall preside in the company ; 
that such question or theme be spoke 
to Sreely by every one who shall So 
chuse ; and that proper remarks be 
made by the proposer . How greatly 
would this tend to the improvement os 
all by cultivating of knowledge aod 
truth, more especially if in all such con^ 
verse they would avoid disputable points 
and endeavour to keep up candour and 
good nature, which Such a method na-
turally tenda to ; sor by bearing the 
sentiments of others, and comparing 
them with our own. we may nor only 
be still more and more improved and 
fitted sor the improvement of others, 
but we may be inclined to lay aside 
many vain Speculations we ourselves 
have too greoundlefly enrertain'd, and 
be led to think better oS the opinions 
os others, when we find that some of 
their fentiments are clearer and better 
than our own. 
The fcheme l have proposed might 
I am sensible, be greatly improved ; 
tbat it is necessary, is, not only my opi-
nion, but the. opinion os others l have 
conversed wish on that bead ; tbat it is 
practicable let Some persons (now the 
evenings begin to grow longer) try ; 
and that it may be both pleasant and 
nsesul, let Such trial ol it evidence. In 
the mean time I cannot but add my 
hearty wishes, that by whatsoever me-
theid shall by different persons be thought 
fit, modern conversations might J be im-
proved for the advancement of know-
ledge, the improvement os the mind, 
and the excluding that fcandalous prac-
tice of wounding, if not stabbing the 
character of others ; for if, as our blessed 
Lard ane^ Master says « of every idle 
" word that men Speak, they shall give 
" account thereof in the day of judg-
" ment,** much more shall thofe per-
sons who, (to fill up the charm of con-
versation^ have wittily or malicious^ 
hurt the character of their fellow-crea-
tures, appear in that great day in cir-
cumstances of the most dreadful hor-
ror. 
MEMOIRS of the Life and Reign ^ 
King W 1 1 1. 1 A M Ill. 
^ 1 E kind reception given by the 
2. public to those memoirs oS 
queen E/i^aheth, l have communicated 
to them thro* she channel os your r^r-
gazine of Magazines, fills me with ex-
pectation that the IiSe and reign ofthe 
late king William, will also he accep-
table ; who is number'd amongst the 
British worthies, and particularly di-
stinguitbld in that rank by the noble 
sounder of their temple in the gardens 
at Stow, with this motto. 
King WlLLtAM the Third 
Who, by his virtue and constancy, hav-
ing saved his country from a foreign 
master, by a buld and generous enter-
piize, preserved the Liberty and ste-
ligion of Great-Britain. 
A prince whose whole life was a 
continual opposition to the growth of 
the exorbitant ambition and unjust 
power of France (which, tho* he could 
not sully prevent, he did in a great 
measure obstruct) who to deliver us 
from slavery, bush in our fortunes and 
consciences, came to our relief at a 
juncture when we were almost driven 
to despair; who resettled our constitu-
tion upon its true basis, gave newlp^ 
tits and energy to our ancient la^s, 
and provided for the continuance eis 
those blessings in the succession ol t^ 
most august honle os Hanover to the 
British throne. 
He was the posthumous son of ^1-
/iam 11. prince of Orange and 
and Alary Stuart, elded daughter of 
K. Charles I. was bum on the 
A Id G Id 8 T, lJ^a 
^'cv. eight days aster the death of his 
father, i65o, O. S. and was baptized 
by the name of William- lirnry ; the 
States of Ho/and and Zealand and the 
cities of Delft, Leyden, and Amsterdam 
being his godfathers. But this could 
not prevent the states general coming 
to a resolution to abridge the power of 
the houle of Oretnge, who had taken 
threat umbrage at the late prince, their 
sladtholder'a alliance with EnAnnd, and 
intimacy with cardinal Mazarine ; and 
Same ai binary proceedings, which gave 
room to fear his inclination was to make 
himlelf abSolute. Wherefore resolving 
tu obviate all inconveniericiesthat might 
Sor the future happen upon this occa-
sion, a general assembly. appointed 
Soon aster the death of" William Ill, re-
Solved, s That since the country was 
, now without a governor by the death 
• of that prince. the choice oS all offi-
• errs and magistrates, Sor the time to 
, come, should he in the disposal os the 
' cities ; and that not only the ordina^ 
' ry soldiers, but even the guards os 
, the deceased prince, should take an 
, oath oS fidelity to the states as Hl-
• lend.' By which means the young 
prince was deprived os those employ-
ments, which the states had before 
made hereditary in his family ; and the 
herueve/i's party, professed enennes to 
the house oS Orange revived in the per-
Sons oS the two De Witt, who took all 
the measures that human policy could 
dictate to prevent his Suture advance-
ttient. For they not only opposed all 
measures that were taken in his Savour 
amongst the States, but Jobo De Wit. 
| elitlonary oS Holland, So influeneed the 
verting prince's governor, that he would 
harce allow him a tutor that had any 
tincture oS good literature or any toler-
21e knowledge oS the world, in order 
to break his Spirits, and to check arid 
render obsoure thofe excellent endow-
ments, which his Highness had received 
from nature. However, as he grew up 
he not only discover^ the drift oS his 
enemies ; but he had the prudence to 
^nceal his dishke of them, and to make 
proficiency he could in English, 
French and High Dutch, wbicb be at-
tainld to fpeak almost as readily and 
correctly as bis mother tongue ; and 
in thiose parts os the mathematicks. 
which immediately related to the mili-
tary art. 
The banishment os the royal family 
from the throne os England at this time 
was of great advantage to the schemes 
and power os the adverse party ; nor 
was it till the year 1668 that we read 
of any overtures in the prince's favour 
from England, when Sir William Temple 
by order of K. Charles 11, made some 
faint advances towards the re-estabhSb-
ment of bis nephew the ^srince of Orange. 
All which dwindled away in a conference 
with the artsul pensionary De Wit. But 
in the next year a dispote among the 
States bad wrought meore effectually 
for bis advancement to the power and 
dignity of bis ancestors, bad not the 
pensionary stemld the torrent with bis 
superior policy arid interest ; for the ci-
ty oS Amsterdeim, which pays a half of 
all that is laid on the province of Hole 
land as Ho/land does of ail that is levi-
ed on the seven provinces, dunking it 
ought, at least in some degree to be 
consider 'd as Holland is in the State, op-
poled the factions of Leyalen, Dors. &C-
who, like little boroughs in a parliament 
and under the influence of a corrupt 
statefman, such as the pensionary De 
Wait was accounted, carried all before 
them in the elections both of civil and 
military officers ; paved the way for 
M. Fan Benernehen, a person of great 
credit and ast'ectioti Sor the young prince 
of Orange, to get it resolved by a plu-
rality as voices, ' That the prince 
' should have session in the council of 
' state with a decisive vulce ; and 
' Should have the fame p^c^ as his an-
< cestors bad formerly held* But De 
Wit, who dreaded che cesqse^uences of 
any concessions of power a^o the bouse 
of Orange, clogged this vtut^ with so ma-
ny provisoes, that the prtnee acquirld 
nut the expected superiority bis friends 
thereby intended. Tbis made his 
Highness once more turn bis eyes to-
wards England to seek for alhstirace in 
^d MAGA^I^ ^^AGA^I^ES, 
the support of his just pretensions : but 
Sir William Templefoon convinced him 
hv his Coldnefs in the affair that King 
Charles was not to be depended on. So 
that he was forced to acouiesee and 
to struggle against those in power, till 
the United Provinces, attack'd by France 
and England. and almost wholly over-
run by the former, and picked at the 
long administration of the De Wits, who 
had studied more the management of 
the burgomasters whom they had con-
stantly engaged to their interest by pro-
viding for their children at the expence 
ofthe commonwealth, than the strength 
and honour of their country, unani-
mously agreed that the prince of Orange 
should be chosen their Captain and 
Admiral General ; which was notified 
the next day ; and the prince was in-
vested in those ancient dignities on the 
^4sh of Feb. i672-
As soon as the Prince of Orange had 
taken the oaths of qualification before 
the States, he immediately repair 'd to 
the army. which was then posted near 
Nienkcp ; where he kept bis post with 
a handful of raw Soldiers badly accou-
tred against the whole power os France, 
commanded by the King in person ; 
who at last was compelled to retire Yvith 
loss. and to abandon his works, after 
an attempt to force the Prince out of 
his retrenchments. 
When the people beard of this con-
duct and success of their Admiral Ge-
neral, they complain'd loud and openly 
of those that govern'd. And particu-
larly the citizens of Dort threatened to 
murder their magistrates upon the spot 
if they did not immediately chose the 
Prince of Orita *e Stadtholder .• which 
was accordingly performed with great 
Solemnity at Dora'. tho' with the utmost 
reluctance ofthe magistrates ; and con-
firmld bva^full assembly of the States 
General, wIfo also presented that Prince 
now aged twenty-two years, witb cer-
tain public acts that were thought ne-
cessary to a full restitution of bis High-
^sess to the office and power of Stadt-
holder, with all the advantages and 
prerogatives, and even Some more than 
those which had bern exercised by his 
ancestors. 
But the populace were not vet satis-
fied : nothing but the blond of the De 
Wit's could atone Sor their opposition 
to the advancement ol their darlirur 
the Prince' Stadeolder. And this was 
at last accomplished after this manner : 
Cornelius de Wit, bailiff os Putton, had 
been accusld of a design upon the 
Prince's life, and of endeavouring by 
money to engage a furgeon belonging 
to his Highness in that wicked attempt. 
But no other witness appearing, and 
Corne/iuS recriminating upon his accufer 
he was only banish'd out of the terri-
tories of Ho/lane/ and Wast-Friezleult 
at which the people shewed great diS-
Satisfaction, being possest with an opini-
on oShis guilt. The morning he was 
to come out os prison, pensionary Be 
Wit, against the advice oS his friends, 
would needs go himself, to see him re-
leafed with more honour, and carry 
him out os town ; and to that puraste, 
went with his coach and Sour hoises su 
the court. An equipage So msgntta-
cent, being not usual to this minister, 
who frequently went on foot to the ge-
neral assembly, made the people tal:e 
more notice of it, and gather together 
tumultously, first in the streets where 
be pass'd, and then abuut the court 
Wbere the prisoner was kept. Some al 
the ttain'd-bands of the Hague, that 
were upon the guard, mingled atno^ 
them, and began to rail aloud again^ 
the judgment ofthe court, the crime 
of the one brother, and the insoles 
of the other, who pretended, as theV 
said, to carry bim away in triumph. 
In the midst as this heat and prfsi^' 
raisld by such kind as discourses among 
the populace, thetvroabretherscameonL 
Some ofthe trainld bands stopr she^l 
and one of the Burghers dropt ^ 
words among the people : rrow the two 
traitors are together, and it it omfor 
if they escape us. From thin ill language 
they immediately advancid to blasts 
upon which, John De Wit, soresee^ 
how the tragedy would end, ^ ^ 
brother by the bands and was at t^ 
A Id G 1! 8 T, 17^^. 
same time knockld dewn with the but-
end oS a musket. They were present-
ly laid dead upon the Spot, then draggld 
about the town by the sury oS the peo-
ple, and torn in pieces. This revolu-
tion calmld all at home, and gave the 
first appearance of defending what was 
leSt in the country. 
But the French, deprivld of all fur-
ther hopes from the old faction, and 
the continual discontents and diSputes 
amongst the Dutch, turn'd their appli-
cation to the young Stadthobler. They 
allured him with proposals oS Sport'ng 
him in his father's Scheme os obtaining 
she Sovereignty os the provinces t arid it 
was not doubted but that the distressed 
condition oS the provinces, which were 
SuppoSed to lie now intirely at the mer-
cy oS the Gallic power, would have per-
Shaded his highness to accept oS their 
proposal. But his Soul was too great 
to hearken to any thing that should 
betray his trust; and he anSwerld with 
great firmness, That he never would 
betray his trust ; and that he would 
rather chuSe to live upon his estate in 
Cermany, and pass his liSe in hunting 
there, than Sell bis country or its li. 
beities to France, wbicb bis ancestors 
had So long deSended. 
[To he continued.] 
To she Authors of the Magazine os 
Magazines. 
^ IRS, 
Frederick Hoffman, teabo was Conn. 
S<der and Physician to the King of 
Prussia, and wbosc abilities are known 
from his several works, after a long 
series of years spent upon the examina-
tion of Mineral Waters, as a Natu-
ralist, a Chemist, and a Physician, 
declarer them the most innocent, univer-
sal, andservireahle of Medicines, not 
^ly from a discovery of their e^euts, ^ 
their apparent natures and compositions, 
^ se^ a smeestsuI course of expuri-
IV, 
Nothing, therefore, rem he more agreeable 
to the p/an of your monthly publications, 
than to take in the inc/oscd Essay on the 
Stratford purging Waters. 
A short Essay toward a perfect Analysis 
of the Stratford Mineral Waters, by 
William Baylies, Junior. 
|F we consider the delicate and Subtle 
I nature of the mineral Spirits in 
medicinal Springs, and the innumera-
ble kinds of matter with which they 
are impregnated, 'twill he evident, that 
'tis necessary, in order to discover the 
principles of any of them, first to ob-
Serve carefully what qualities they dis-
cover by a bare examination of them 
with our senses ; what Phenomena 
they exhibit by the addition os 
various things at the Spring bead ; and 
what different appearances the Same ad-
ditions afford, when the waters bave 
been taken Srom tbe Spring and kept a 
Sew bours ; and tben to Sorce them by 
fire to make a more ample confession 
of their component parts. 
On pursuing tbis process on the 
Stratford purging waters, 'tis observe-
ble tbat, by tbeir taste and fine// at tbe 
Spring, they seem to be Strongly im-
pregnated with a Su/psier, but when 
they have been kept a few hours, tbat 
principle is scarce perceptible to our 
lenses, Tbey drink much brisker at 
the fpring than at a distance, are clear 
and peilucid to the eye like rock-water. 
and are at all times, and in all places, 
evidently poffeffed with a heackish taste, 
like most of the Saline springs in this 
nation. And, as I am credibly in-
formed, this water will keep many 
months in close stopt bottles without pu-
trefying, which is no Small evidence of 
their purity and wbolesemnest. 
ExPEatMENT, tbe First. 
^ dropr three drops of Tincture of 
Gallr into a glass of these Stratfued wa-
ters, at the spring, and they immediate-
ly acquired a purple colour. I dr^ut 
from three to twelve drops of the fame 
tincture, ict^ the like quantity Of the' 
^ watery 
water, that had been kepr a dry, and 
it afforded no change of colour. 
'This experiment therefore may be 
depended upon, without the concur-
rence os any other, to prove that volati/ 
vitriolic principle, os a fuuisive na-
ttrre, actually exists iu these waters. 
ExPERyMNEt, the Second. 
'I dropt three dropr of Tincture of 
Logwood into a glass of the waters at 
the spring, and the fame quantity into 
a glass of the water that had been kept 
a day ; the first immediately received 
a fine bhre co/our, the last a bright cher-
ry colour, and by the addition of two 
drnpr of spirit of Sai Armoeiac to the 
lust, it acquired the Same complexion 
the first did without anv addition. 
EXPERIMENT, the Third. 
I mixld half a sham of a good lymp 
of Violets xvith a glaSs of the water at 
the spring, and the like quantity as the 
fame Syrup with as much of the wa-
ter, that had been kept a clay; thefiast 
received a persect green colour, arid the 
last did not in the least alter the bhee co-
lour of the Syrup. more than the Same 
quantity oS common water would have 
done. 
The Phenomena these two experi-
ments afforded, are Sufficient evidences, 
for any one to conclude, that these wa-
ters are possess ld with an alkaline pro-
perty, which is volar tile as well as the 
vitriolic, (or else that the vitriolic pro-
perry itself, is alledine as Yvell as volatile,) 
and Hestinan fays, however destructive 
alkalines may be thought to the texture 
of vitriol, daily experience shows they 
may Subsist together, and do in nearly 
all the cold medicinal springs, 
EXPERIMENT, the Fourth. 
" A Sew dropr of oast os Tartar being 
deopt into a gloss of these waters, they 
loon threw up a thin light aloud to the 
te>p, and rernain'el perfectly clear un-
derneath, as tho' nothing had bern 
mixld therewith. From whence we 
may reasonably conclude, that these 
waters have but a finall port tern of any 
earihly matter dissolved in them, and 
are light and only of ahgestion. 
Exr E RIME tar, the Fifth 
A sew dropr of a solution of .5theer in 
A^ For tie being dropt into a glaSs of 
theSe waters, it immediately turns mil-
ky, and foon precipitates the Silver to 
the bottom ol the glaSs. Whence we 
may be Yvell assured theSe waters con-
tain a proportion oS sea salt; Sor the 
illustrious Boyle, in his book entituled 
the Lseluluess of Evperimen lal Philosophy, 
writes thus, , l Iras e often Sound an 
, unSulpected sea suit in waters, by 
' pouring therein a Solution offine fi/' 
< ver, made in aq. sertis : for as com-
' mon sca fall, or its spirit, will pre-
' cipitate the mineral in form of a 
' white calx in Such a Solution, l iana-
' gin ad, iS the water in its passage 
< through the earth. gainld ever So Sew 
' saline corpuscles, they would act, tho' 
< Saintly, on the dissolved particles of 
< the silver; and accordingly on their 
' mixture a kind os whiteness ensued.' 
And Hoffman assures us, that nothing 
but sea salt will produce theSe effects. 
EXPERIMENT, the Sixth. 
Eighty ounces as these waters being 
distill'd to dryness in a glass retort, 
with a land heat, there came over a-
bove seventy-nine ounces oS pure water ; 
and eight scruples oS a dry suline matter 
remain at the bottom, which appear d 
to the eye like a well prepared Lepts 
Calamhearir, and was beset thick with 
Saline particles, like what we Sec ^ 
Calomel, when 'tis imperfectly levigat-
ed ; it had a taste, Somewhat like com-
mon sale dissolved readily in the mouth, 
and sett a bitterish flavour on the palate. 
ExPEai1r1E1lf, the Seventh. 
Haifa pint osdistill'd rain water be-
ing poured on the saline reside rem bays-
ing hot, the greatest part soon dissolve^ 
and a verv small portion osit Sell to the buttutn, 
AUGUST, 17^. 
bottom, which was separated Srom it 
by passing she liquor through a filter of 
cap paper, and being dryld, it appear-
ed to be an earthy matter, in weight 
fifteen grains. The filtred solution was 
os a very beautiful amber colour, and 
being exhaled in a clean dish over a 
gentle heat, till a pellicle appearld on 
the top, l Set it in a cold cellar to shoot, 
and obtainld Srom it two drams and 
five grains' of a pure white shining cry-
stalline sale, some-what resembling, in 
figure, the calearicus nitre, bus more 
flat and tape- like, as Dr. Shaw de-
scribes tbe salts made Srom the Scathe-
rough waters to be, which he Says is a 
Salt reserable to no known claSs, but is 
a neartra/ su/t sm' generis. When these 
salts were taken out oS the dish, there 
remainld a liquor which afforded no 
Signs oS crystallization. This liquor l 
again evaporated to a pellicle, and it 
afforded twenty.five grains more of 
the same shaped cristal, but proportion 
nably less in size, as well as quantity, 
to those nbtainld by tbe first exaporati-
on ; and after these cristals were all 
formal. there remainld a liquor, as 
there did after the first crystallization, 
which astorded no signs asy ielding more 
cristals. This liquot l evaporated to 
dryness, and obtainld Srom It eight 
grains oS a su/ine matter, which was 
very different in appearance to the be-
Sore mentioned sales, and to which, Sor 
distinction Saks. I shall give the name 
us the second sale. 
As the three firtt experiments prove 
the existence oS a volatile a/kadene vitrio-
lic Spirit or salt, So, by these two last 
experiments, we See these waters are 
separated into Sour Sensible and evident 
parts (s) a pure elementary water. (a) 
a perfect crystalline suit, which is of the 
better neutral purging sort, peculiar to 
Springs of this kind, (3) a second sale, 
which is feemingly muriatic eor fea salt, 
anal (4) an hard earthy meitter each of 
which principles deserve a separate ex-
amination. 
l'.XPE R i utsa, the Eighth. 
To the distillld water l added tincture 
of ^nlh, /ogwrody lyrap of ^solerr, and a 
solution oS sine filerer in aqke fortis, nei-
ther of which, manifested any other 
signs than distillld rain water would 
have done with the same tryals : there-
fore l think it may not he improperly 
callld a pure elementary water; and 
this water anfwers the same purposes 
here which Dr. Shaw afcrihes to that 
obtainld from the Scarborough by distil-
lation, which he says,„ serves as a vehicle 
to the rest of the principles of the na-
tural water, lo as to keep them dissolv-
ed, or finely divided in their particles, 
yet blended together, in an uniform. 
compound, State ; whereby the whole 
is fitted to enter all the vessels of the 
body, capable of admitting them : 
whence the mineral water is fitted to 
produce its physical and medicinal effects. 
EXPERIMENT, the Ninth. 
The cry stallized salts of this water 
being exposed in a moist ait, do not 
run or grow moist like regenerated tac 
tar , salt of nuor mwood, and all the alla 
line satle, but in a warm room for 
turn white, and lose very much of thei 
transparency, as Glauher's purging sa" 
do, but in a much less time, fro 
whence, 'tis evident these crystals a, 
not in the least of the lexivia! kind ta 
salts. 
ExPERtM^T, the Tenth. 
Some of these erystallizcd sales bein 
placed on a hot iron plate instantly dif 
Solve, rise into blisters, and turn to 
light Spungy white cahe ; without an 
explosion or decrepitation, but bein 
Sprinkled on a het coal, by joining wit 
the sulphur therein they immediatel 
make a loud noise, like the crackli 
afforded by sea suit, when Subjected t 
the Same experiment. 
Whence 'tis evident these salts pa 
take somewhat of the nature of Sea Sal 
notwithstanding Dr. Perry in his analy 
of theSe waters Says, in his obServai , 
on his third experiment, that the Salt t 
this water is neither retaining to nit 
or to the Sex, or muriatic Salt. 
^ a Etp^ltl^^ 
i^4 ^d ^AGA^I^E ^ ^AGA^Il^ES 
EXPERIMENT, the Eleventh. 
I mixld halS a dram os this first sole 
m a dram of distill'd rain water, and 
added (o it a little serup of violets, 
which received no change os colour, 
neither did She like Solution ferment 
with oil of tartar, or Spirit of vilrio/ , 
whence we may very positively assert, 
that it is a perfect neutral Salt, in re-
gard either to eillale or acid 
EXPERIMENT, the Twelfth 
A strong solution os this first Sale in 
water turns white, or milky, upon the 
addition os a sew dropr oS the solution 
oS silver in aqua series, in the Same 
manner as the natural waters did. There-
fore from this experiment, and from 
this Salt crackling upon the hot coale. 
we may reasonably conclude, that some 
particles of the sea sale, which this wa-
ter naturally contains, join themselves 
with the neutral salts, and readily shoot 
with them in crystallization. 
EXPERIMENT, the Thirteenth. 
I puusome ofthe second self, obtainld 
from the liquor, (which remained after 
the Second crystallization) by evapo-
ration upon a hot ceal, and it crackled 
like sea salt. I then ler Sail a drop of 
oil of visriol to some of the Same salt. 
and a wlo'e pungent vapour immedia-
tely arose, manisesting she common 
Signs of sea salt. 
(To he continual) 
On the Death of a F R I E N D. 
i lov'd. how valra'd once. avails ther not ; 
fo whom related, or by whom be^eet. 
a heap erf deist alone remains of ther t 
Sis all thou art 1——and ast the proud shall 
her Pop v. 
i E A I'll, that kingdom of ter-
rors, having pierced, wish its fa-
ihaft, th .' heart os she generous Atti-, 
I went to pay my last duties to my 
^ceased friend ; but who can describe 
at torrert of sorrow which over-
whelmed mv breast, on my arrival at 
the houfe of mourning t He had just 
compleated an ample and commndious 
feat, but was not permitted to Spend 
one joyful hour under the stately roof. 
He sted furnished his chambers to in-
vite repose, but must rest in the silent 
bowels of the earth. His gardens were 
planted with the choicest fruits, and de-
corated in the most graceful manner ; 
but their master is gone down to the 
valley of the shadow osdeath. 
Since death is the portion of every 
individual, we Should never fuffer that 
thought to escape ; we should engrave 
it, in the most legible characters, on the 
tables os our memories ; but alas 1 how 
slightly is it sketched, So that every 
transient flow of passion is Sufficient to 
obliterate it. We See our neighbours 
fall, we turn pale at the shock, and 
feel a trembling dread. No sooner ate 
they removed from our fight, but, dri-
ven in the whirl of business, or lulled 
in the langours of pleasure, we forget 
the providence, and neglect its errand. 
The impression made on our unstable 
minds is like the trace of anartow thro' 
the penetrated ait, or the pash of the 
keel in the furtowed wave. 
Won id we reflect serionsly on she 
numberless disasters, such as no human 
prudence can foresee, no care prevent 
that attend our stepr, and lie in wait 
to accomplish onr doom ; we mult state-
ly look upon ourselves only as tenants 
at will, and liable to be dispossessed os 
our earthly tabernacle, at a moment's 
warning. The last enemy has nor only 
unnumbered avenues for his approach, 
but even holds his fortress in the seat 
of our lise. Tbe crimson fluld which 
distributes healsh, is impregnated wish 
the seeds of death. Some unforeseen 
impediment may obstruct its passage, 
or some unknown violence may divert 
its course ; in eitber of which cases it 
acts the part of a poisonous draught 
or a deadly wotand . The partition 
that seperates time from eternity, is 
nothing more than the breach of our 
nostrils ; and the transition may be 
m^de in the least particle of time, 
AUGUST, 17^ 
If we examine the records of mortal i-
y, we shall find the memorials of a 
axed multitude huddled, or at least 
tiling together, without any regard 
ro rank or Seniority. None are ambi-
ious os the uppermost rooms, or chief 
ats in the mansions os the grave. 
•one entertain land and eager expecta-
tions as being honourably greeted, in 
heir darksome cells. The man os 
ears and experience, reputed as an ora-
ie in his generation, is content to lie 
own at the seet of the babe In this 
common receptacle. the Servant is e-
rally accommodated wish his master. 
She poor indigent lies as Softly as the 
nott opulent possessor. All the distin-
tion that Subsists, is a grafty hillock 
ound with osiers ; or a Sepulchral stone, 
lamented with imagery, 
Why then should we raiSe Such a 
i^hty stir, abuut Superiority and pre-
sence, when the next remeove 
nil reduce us all to a state oS equal 
eanness ? Why should we exalt our-
-lves, or debase others ; since we must 
11. one day, he upon a common level, 
lid blended together in the Same undi-
inguisheddustt Here persons oS con-
ey interests, and opposite Sentimentt, 
^p together ; death having laid his 
ends on the contending parties, and 
rnught all their differences to an ami-
dole conclusion. Here enemies Sworn 
voiles, dwell together in unity. They 
ing every imbittered thought, and 
'^et they once were Soes. Perhaps, 
•eir crumbling bones mix, as they 
loulder ; and those. who, while they 
were at irreconcileable variance, 
ere Stall into mutual embraces, arid e-
en incorporate with each other in the 
^ Let us then learn from these 
^tdly ashes, not to perpetuate she 
'^ty of injuries ; not to foment the 
as rrsentment; nor cherish the 
silence os passion t That there may 
httle animosity and disagreement 
^e land of the living, as there is in 
^ongregation oSthe head. 
^ticus, the friendly Alticut, was 
attned away in the bloom oS yonth, 
. i e health Seemed to wan. on in every 
^and strength resided in every si-
' ' llat he shd t^t neglect to int. 
prove his golden hours to the noblest of 
all purposes, that oS attaining a state 
oS repoSe, and an eternal crown oS glo-
ry. In him the orphan has lost a fa-
ther, the widow a hushand, and the 
poor a liberal benefactor. The best 
methnd of shewing our respect Sor his 
memory is to imitate his virtues, which 
will acquire us, with him, a blissful e-
ternity. Let us, like him, remember 
our Creator in the days of our youth, 
before our days become labour and Sor-
row. Then shall we behold the ap-
proach of the king of tertors with sere-
nity, and gladly leave thofe dreary ha-
bitations of Sortow and pain, to meet 
our Saviour in the manfions above. 
where alone is persect and consum-
mate happiness, the term of whose 
continuance is eternity. 
Eternity ! bow are our boldest, or 
strongest thoughts, lost and overwhel-
med in thee t Who can set landmarks. 
to limit thy dimensions ; or find plum-
mets to fathom thy depths ? Arithme-
ticians have figures to compute all she 
progressions oftime ; astronomers have 
instruments to calculate the distance of 
the planets : But what numbers can 
state, what lines can gauge the lengths 
and breadths of eternity^ Mysterious. 
mighty existence ! A sum not to be 
lessened by the largestdeductionS : an 
extent not to be contracted by all pos-
sibie diminutions. None can truly fay 
after the most prodigious waste os ages. 
that So much os eternity is gone. For. 
when millions oS centuries are eiapSed. 
it is but just commencing ; and, when 
millions more have run their ample 
round. it will be no nearer ending. 
Nay, when ages numerous as the 
bloom os Spring, increased by the her-
bage of she summer, both augmented 
by the leaves os autumn, and all mul-
tiplied by the dropr of rain, which 
drown the winter—when these| and ten 
thousand times ten thoufand more- -more 
than can he represented by any similitude 
or imagined by any conceprionl are all 
revolved ; eternity, vast houndless eter-
nity, will only he beginning ; or, ra-
ther, iS l may be allowed the expres-
lion, only beginning to begin. 
Prudential Maxims, by Dr. Fa LLER^ 
^ the choice oS a wise, take the 
^ daughter os a good mother. 
Chute not a Sriend over thy CUpr. 
IS thou hast wit and learning, got 
Wifdom and modesty to it. 
Trust not him that Seems a Saint. 
Never provoke the fury of bigots, 
by exposing their Sentiments. 
Never enter into hot diSputs concern-
ing points of religion or state astairs. 
Measure nor men by Surreys, with-
out regarding what they do all the 
week aster. 
I advife thee to visit thy relations 
and friends. But I also advise thee not 
to live too near them. 
Let the Society thou frequentest be 
like a company of Bees gatherld toge-
ther to make honey ; and not of Wasp, 
which do nothing but hum, devour 
and sting. 
In thy judgment and esteem of men, 
constantly prefer tbe good temper of 
their minds, and honesty of their acti-
ons, above all she excellencies of their 
^eloquence or keowledge. 
It is not Sufficient Sor thee to observe 
the essential duties of probity, which 
make a gond man : but also thou art 
to practise thoSe of society, which make 
a well-bred man. 
An Account of the Act sor regulating 
the Stile, with a very useful Table, 
shewing what must t^ abated to those 
who shall clause to compote their 
Rent, Interest, Annuities, Wages, 
&c. from New Michae/mas-dey, and 
not from the Gld. 
The 1 4th of September .text, agwenble to 
an act of Parliament ^asti/ in the 24ch 
year of hit present Majesty's reign, the 
Gregorian style will take place in all 
bis Majesty's dominions in Europe, ^a, 
.eofrica, and America; andwebopethe 
following account of it will he agreea-
ble to your reaelers. 
V|^HIS day, had not this act passed, 
A would have been the 3d os Sep-
tember, but is now reckoned the 14th, 
eleven nominal days being omitted. 
All writings, dated on, or since 
first os January last, bear dare at 
cording to the new method of 
tation. 
Every fourth year will be Biffecil 
or leap year, until the year lftil 
which will be a common year uS d 
days; and the years from i796,t^ 
year 1So4-, will be common yesno 
365 days each, but the year i^r 
will be a leap-year. 
Easter^ and the moveable feasts el. 
nn depending. such as Septuagetliiii, 
Seitageffima, Ginn^nagefsima, s^art-
gefsima, and Rogation Sunday, ^ilii 
Sunday, and Trinity-Sunday, are to ' 
reckoned according to new tables 
fixed to the act of parliament ; and a 
new editions os the Common Prayer 
the ehaatch of England, and the aim 
nacks for the next and suture years at 
to he calculated agreeable thereto, 
AH the fixed feast days, holidays, are 
fast days, and days of thankfoir^ 
and days of fasting. appointed by 
former act of Parliament, are to be 
in all the King's dominions where tl 
liturgy of the church of England haSec 
on the respective days marked in tin 
said new calendar, which are on th 
same nominal days on which they wen 
kept hefore this act passed 
Easter and Trinity terms, and si 
courts, meetings, and assemblies uS^ 
dies politic or corporate, appointed ^ 
be beld or kepr at any time depots 
upon the time of Easter, or any ^ 
moveable Seast, are to be holden ^ 
kept according to the happening ^ 
Eastet, or Such other moveable seatta 
according to the new calendar-
The meetings of the courts ofseflt^ 
and terms fined for the court of ^ 
quer in Scotland, the Aptil meeti^ 
the company of Conservators ^ 
great level of the sens, and the ^ 
os all markets, fairs, and marts, ^ 
of goods and cattle, or sorhti'^ 
vants fixed to certain nominal days 
the month, or depending upon she 
ginning, or any certain hat^ • 
month, and all courts incident,^ 
A II G D S T, 
^ingto, or uSually held on, or kept, 
railh any fairs or marts, fixed to any 
terrain times as before mentioned, are 
^beholden and kept upon the Same 
^atural days, as the Same w ould have 
eu kept, iS this act had not passed, 
li will be eleven days later ; as for 
glance, Sturbitch-Sair used to be on the 
Irh dav os September, and thereto ele-
ven days, and you will find the Same 
lvilI this and all suture years be held on 
tile i9th of September. 
Lands and grounds, which by cuss 
1 toms, prrscriprions, or usages. are to be 
^•rened on particular nominal days and 
times oS the year Sor common ospasture, 
err other purposes, and which the own-
ers rhereoShave a right at other times 
to indoSe or shut up the same for their 
private uSe, are to t^ opened and shut 
up again eleven days later than the pre-
sent nominal days in the new calendar. 
Hie payment oS any rents, annui-
ties, or Sums os money in consequence 
of any custom, usage lease, deed, writ-
ing, bond, note, or contract, or any to-
sher agreement made, signed, or enter-
ul into before this i 4th day of Septem-
ber, the delivery of any goods, wares, 
or merchandizes, the time ofcommence-
ment, expiration, or determination of 
any leases os lands, tenements, or here-
ditaments, or of any contract or agree-
ment, or of accepting or lurtenderingup 
tla possession of any lands, tenements, 
or hereditaments, the commencing or 
determining any annuity or rent of any 
^rant, for any term of years, in confe-
rence of any deed or contract, or the 
tune of attaining the age os twenty-
^ne years, or any other age requisite by 
ueeds, wills, or writings for doing any 
castor for any other purpose, by any 
piston bom before this day, the expira-
tion of apprenticeships, or orher Service 
uy indenture, articles or simple contract, 
thall not be accelerated hereby, but all 
t e above particulars become due, pay-
determined, &c. on the same na-
days they would have happened 
sls^. ^ ^ ^ bern made, which 
he eleven days later than the nomi-
^ ^l's in the new calendar. 
Since the passing the above act, there 
has bern an act passed to abbreviate 
Michaelmas term, and the same for the 
suture will begin on the 16th day os 
November. 
The limes for opening, using, inclo-
sing, and shutting tip lands and grounds 
by custom, prescription, or usage, and 
for paying latch rents, or other pay-
ments, depending on any moveable 
feast, are to be computed according to 
tile new calender. 
The title to Such land is not altered 
by the Said act. 
By the above, it is plainly to be Seen, 
that all rents upon leases oS bouses, an-
nuities, &c. signed before this day and 
payable at the Sour stated festivals of 
Christmas, Lady-day, Midsummer, and 
Michaelmas, will, according to this 
act, be payable eleven days after tboSe 
feasts ; and the said deys of payment 
will be maiked in the new almanacks 
thus, against January 5, Old Christmas 
day ; April 5, Old lady day ; July 
5, Old Midsummer day ; October io, 
Old Michaclmas day. 
When any leafe expires, the land-
lord may allow his tenant for eleven 
days, and sign a new lease commenc-
ing at one oS the ufnal four feasts. 
The payment of bills, or notes of 
band, drawn or dated before this 
day, will become due eleven deys later 
than if shis act had not passed ; as for 
instance, 
A bill drawn, or note given, on the 
1st os September, atone month after 
date, would (had not this act passed^ 
become due and payable (with the three 
days grace allowed in London) on the 
4th day October ; to which add eleven 
days (in lieu of the eleven days omitted 
in September) and the Said bill will be 
payable on the I5shday os October. 
A bill drawn, or note given, the first 
of Seprember, payable six weeks after 
date, would bave become due on the 
I 6th oSOctober, to which aod eleven 
days, and it will be payable on the a7th 
os the said month 
A bill or note dated the first of June 
last, at three months after date, would 
have been due on the 4sh of September; 
add to that eleven days, and it will he 
due the fifteenth day of Seprem-
ber new style, which is the Same natu-
ral day as it would have been due had 
not this act passed. So that, bv the a-
buve three instances, it will be seen that 
no payments are accelerated, and no-
thing more is required, but to Suppose 
that there are this year 30 days in Sep-
tember as in other years, and, calculat-
ing your bills, notes, &c. as you would 
have done if this act had not passed, 
and adding eleven days thereto, every 
tradesman will readily find when his 
hills, &c. become due. 
Wish regard to paying servants wa-
To be abated 
1. s. d fi 
For 1os. per ann o o ^ 2 
£• l — o o 7 1 r o 1 a 
2 
— o 1 9 3 
4 • o a 5 
^ • o o 1 
6 — o 3 7 a 
7 o 4 2 3 
S • o 4 9 3 
9 o ^ 5 
to • o 6 o a 
o 6 7 a 
aa o 7 2 3 
13 - o 7 1o 
14 o 8 5 I 
15 • • • r o 9 o 2 
16 - o 9 7 3 
17 r o to ^ 
18 —— o 10 io a 
19 • o 1 1 ^ a 
ao o aa o 3 
• o 18 a 
40 • 1 4 a a 
—— a 1o a 3 
6o — a 16 2 
7o •— a a a a 
^o -• • a 8 a 3 
^o a 3 
too - 3 o 3 3 
aoo —— — o o 7 a 
august 175^ 
ges, hired at the sour quarter days, if 
it is more agreeable to keep to thoSe 
stated times, eleven days wages may he 
deducted at Michaelmas day out of the 
present quartet, and the reckoning will 
Sor the Suture go regularly on ; or else 
pay them on the 11th day aSter the 
quarter-day, which will he found mark-
ed in the new almanacks. 
Aa many persons will chuSe to com-
pure their rent, interest, annuities. wa-
ges, pensions, Salaries, &c. from New 
Michaelmas Day, and not Srom the 
Gld, the following Table will shew 
what must he abated for any sum from 
1os, to 500,oool. on account of the 
anticipation of eleven deys made by 
the same act. 
To be abated 
L s. d. f. 
For^. 300 per ann. 9 o 9 3 
400 —• 12 1 1 1 
500 — 15 a 4 a 
600 — 18 a 7 3 
7oo — 21 a 1 1 
800 — 24 2 2 1 
900 — 27 a 5 ^ 
lea00 — 3O a ^ 3 
2o00 fro ^ 5 3 
3000 — 9o 8 2 5 
400o — 1 20 1o 11 2 
5o00 — 15o 13 8 2 
6o00 — 18o 16 5 i 
7o00 — 2io 19 a 1 
8o00 — 24o a 11 
900o — 271 4 8 
10000 aol 7 4 3 
aoooo — 002 14 9 a 
30000 — 9o4 a 2 a 
40000 — 1205 7 
5oo00 — i5o6 16 ii 3 
6oo00 — i8o8 4 4 2 
70000 — aio9 1 1 9 i 
8oo00 —' 241o 19 2 1 
90000 —, a71a 6 7 
1oo00o •— 3or3 13 ii 3 
aooooo — 6o27 7 11 i 
300000 — 9041 1 1 1 
4ooo00 — 12o54 15 io 3 
^00000 — 15068 a 9 1o i 
C. M G R T O 
AUGUST) ^7^ 
^hscrveitr'ons on the present Severity in the 
Execution of the Act against Gam-
ing. 
HEN King Henry VIII. had 
y i thrown off the yoke oS papal Su-
premacy, and was laying the basis os 
our glorious reformation ; the pope 
proceeded to absolve the King's Sub-
jects from their allegiance, decreed him 
to de deposed, and invited all christian 
princes to make war upon him : which 
occasioned Henry to enkindle a martial 
emulation and discipline among all the 
ranks ol Eng/i'lhmeti whereupon an act 
of parliament was passed, in the thirty-
third year oS his reign, whereby it was 
enacted, " That no person should, Sor 
gain or living, keep any common house, 
alley, or place, oS bowling, costing, 
closh, cayls, halSbowl, tennis, dicing, 
tables, or carding, or any other game 
prohibited by statute theretosore made, 
or any unlawful new game, upon pain 
to forseit Sor every day Sorty shillings ; 
and every perfon using any Such places, 
and playing, to forfeit for every time 
fx shillings and eight pence.*' The 
justices, and other magistrates, were 
directed at least, once a month, to en-
ter into all places where such games 
should be fulpected to be ufed ; and to 
imprison the keepers of the same, and 
the persons playing there, till they found 
sureties no longer to suffer and play at 
Such game : and if the magistrates 
reflected Such search they were to for-
seit forty shillings for every month. It 
was also enected that no artificer, buss 
handraan, apprentice, labourer, mari-
ners, fishermen, watermen, or any Serv-
ing man, should play at such games 
out os Christmas, under pain oS twen-
ty shillings : and all mayors and other 
head officers, were, Sour times in the 
year, to make proclamationoS this act, 
m every market within their jurisdicti-
on. 
By the statute of the Second of his 
IveSent majesty, where it is proved, on 
tne oath or two witnesses, that any per-
^ hash used any unlawful game con-
^OIa. IV. ^ 
^P a 
trary to the statute of the thirty-third 
of Henry VIII. the justice has pow er 
to commit such offender, unless he en-
ters into recognizance not to play at 
such Unlawful games : and as the late 
statute for punishing persons keeping diS^ 
orderly houSes, makes nO mention of 
theSe Sort oS games, they are still under 
the direction oS the abovementioned act, 
of the thirty-third oS Henry VIII ; which 
if properly put into execution, would 
compel a great number of indolent peo-
ple to become industrious members of 
the community, diminish the present 
schemes of profligacy and villainy, and 
prevent many miserable samilies from 
becoming an incumbrance to their res-
pective parishes. However, it may be 
presumed that tbe legislature only in-
tended this law to prevent idleness, and il 
encourage industry ; which is in a man-
ner implied by the original actoS par-
liament ; where the respective conditi-
ons oS men against whom the act See ma 
to be calculated are particularly enu-
merated : and as theSe are only labour-
ing people, it is not unreasonable to 
SuppoSe that none others bot shoSe are . 
to be precluded from the exercise of 
skittles ; which, when played by repu-
table people, for health and recreation. 
is much more innocent, and worthy of 
toleration, than any other public diver-
sion. 
It should, therefore, he considered. 
that though there are a great number 
of disreputable houSes with Skittles, for 
the encouragement oS indolent people, 
and the shelter oS villains : yet there are 
others oS as much repute Sor the diversi-
on oS honest, well-meaning, and Sub-
stantial company ; to a great many of 
whom this exercise is more Serviceable 
tban any other for the preservation os 
health. Besides, a total, and indiscri-
minate prohibition of skittles, will be 
productive of a great Scene of villainy, 
by the number oS artftll and wicked in-
Sormers, who, at this time, Sollow their 
former practices oS commencing actiona 
against publicans keeping skittle-alleys; J 
with a Surreptitious intent either of 
extorting money Srom them, or to 
Y pocket 
^ JO ^ AG A ^ 1 ^ P. ^ ^ A G A ^ 1 N E 8, 
pocket their declaration money, and veral have pretended to define it, some 
immediately Secrete theinSclves where to describe its Substance, and in a word, 
thev cannot be discovered. many have endeavoured to Say what it 
How then ought this to be regulated? really is in itSelf. For my part l fairly 
why tbe original act of parliament renounce every attempt to explain either 
seems to afford a method : for it is its nature or connexion with the body : 
there enacted, that if any person sue l am content with my confidence, that 
for any placard to have common gam- l have a reasoning faculty within mv-
i^gin his house, it should be contained self, of which, together with mv visible 
in the placard what game .shall be used, body, l am composed and constituted. 
and what persons fia// p/ay thereat. Gtlier animals can acquire no know-
Therefore, it may be proper to regulate ledge, and are only capable of an ank-
this diversion us skittles, and the others ward imitation of certain trivial gestures. 
n^entioned in tbe original act, So Sat, as but man is capable of increasing and 
to let reputable places be licensed for refining his knowledge by application 
that purpose ; the masters whereof and study, os penetrating into the se-
shall be sworn to admit no persons to crets of nature, and oS reflecting back 
play, but Such as they are sensible are praises and adoration to the maker ofa'rl 
honest and Substantial people, or Sua h as things. 
are above the condition os those defcri- It must be allowed, that through all 
bed in the original act : or else, it might the parts of nature there appears a 
be submitted to the magistrates what most benes'olent intention in the provi-
persons are proper to be admitted to dence of God Sor man's preservation 
the use of this exercise; and who, upe and comfort ; the earth and waters ad-
on the recommendation oS two credible ministering to him his Sood and raiment, 
housekeepers, should grant licences sor animals and vegetables of various kinds 
playing at these diversions, .to Such per- are preserved sor him in due Seasons as 
sotas as requested, and were Sound wor- we every day experience. But theSe 
thy oS the Same. pleasures are hut of a subordinate de-
However, if any such scheme should gree ; he enjoys others of a more Sub-
be put in execution, it is to be hoped lime nature, his power oS contemplat-
that all unlawful games will be under ing on the goodness os his Maker in 
equal restrictions t and, rill that happy the creation of all these things, which 
time, the exercise of skittles, as well as renders him desirous of something a-
the bowling, cricket, tennis, and bil- bove and bevnnd thein all. 
hards, may be allowed at reputable Can it, therefore, be suggested that 
houSes; at least, for such a ltmitlcd beings capable of the most refined con -
time in the day as can give little or no templatinns on the works of the crea-
encouragement at all to idleness and lion ; beings capable of being moved 
intemperance. BEN o L c E s.r.. and affected, even to an inexpressible 
degree of pleasure, by the combined 
harmonies of Sound ; beings capable os 
On the immortality of the Sou/, and the paling and advancing their know-
Ca tairay of Remade and banishments ^ ^peculations in all things even 
in amlher Life. ^ th^ ^ents ; beings capable 
^ of conceiving notions which no part ol 
The. know not man for nobler views derive d, ^ ^tal frame can possibly convey 
Nor feel the worth of their imsnearlal mind; to their Understanding, and in which no 
Ore ttaedrtOry things i day ftx their bl^Ss, instrumental influence can have any 
And lose the herler life to come sor thi-. share ; beings which, when they arc 
S WAan. acquainted with the phenomena of oby 
•^T^H E foul has been a Subject treat- jects by the help oS instruments oS their 
L ed of by many philosophers ; fe- own inventions, are not yet satisfied, 
• - but 
AUGUST, 17^. 
but have a longing desire to look yet 
farther into the hidden recesses of na-
ture, and are fond Still of climbing from 
effects to causes, and from caules to 
cauSes. till lost in labyrinths ol thought, 
mysterious only from the interrupting 
incumbrance of the body, which hin-
ders the soul from feeing clearly heyond 
all we can SuppoSe ; l fay, can it he 
imagined, that Such beings should be 
deprived of all existerace, in the midst 
oS theSe growing Speculations, which 
can have no origin but what is truly 
divine ^ This is a question the most 
debafed, the most perverse enemy to 
trush cannot withstand ; a question 
which cannot be answered but on the 
side oS truth itSels. 
Where then must its SulneSs oS per-
fection be put in an hereafter ? Nad 
that this hereaStermust be eternal, will 
be undeniably evinced Srom this single 
consideration : That, if she foul be of 
divine origin, if it be in any wise rela-
ted to the divine gandness and trush of 
its parent, the Almighty Creator, it 
can never ceafe to he ; these are prin-
ciples which must eternally exist some-
where ; no, it is only Salshood and evil 
that can have an end, principles which 
cannot be compatible wish the divine 
animating principle in mankind, and 
which are only derivatives of the de-
praved and abused appetites and sen-
sations inherent in this mortal frame ; 
which, from too great an indulgence and 
concession of the soul to those sensati-
ons, caaise the passions to be always 
predominant, and So, according to their 
distinctions, prnduce the whole tribe oS 
enemies to trntb and justice. All 
which evils must cease with this mor-
tal sabric, although the consciousness 
oS them must absolutely remain with 
she Soul. 
The great Aodison was happy in his 
notion of eternity, as is evident from 
she first Scene os the last act oshis Cato : 
Whence this p leafing hope. this fund dasre 
1 has longing after immortality ? 
^ whence this secret dread. end inward horror, 
^rallano into nought ? Why shrinks the Soul 
on herfdf, end trembles at destruction t 
^ u the divinity that stir. within us , 
'Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter, 
e^ud intimates erernary to man. 
Eternity a thou pleating dreadful thought ! 
Through what variety eof untried heing, lyaSS? 
Through what new Scenes end changes muss we 
The wide the unbounded profpcctlies before nae 
Bast shadows, clouds, and daykneSs reft upon it. 
Our very imagination reaches eter-
nity, in Spite oS all the most obstinate 
atomist can devise, or our own contu-
macious doubts can influence. May I 
not as easily conceive a duration oStime 
heyond my own existence ; nay, even 
beyond the dissolution osthe world. a 
continuation oS a duration even to in-
finity irself; as imagine ,tbat great 
truth, tbat fpace and worlds exist be-
yond every constellation and fixed star, 
the most accurate observer has ever 
discovered, and tbat still on, without 
and, from star to star ? As^o the plea-
sing hope this happv author mentions^ 
and the longing aster immortality, it 
is kept up by the afflictions we suffer 
here, even though there were no possi-
bility of redress here for wrongs receiv-
ed. Hope is a constant instinct, which 
inspires men with a desire of find an cr 
Some better state, and is a Sure presage 
in every man's breast of futurity : nor 
could any man on earth be possessed of 
it, if that state were not certain, na^ 
more than he could shrink at commit-
ting a wicked act, iS there were nca 
power wishin himSelf that is to live 
hereafter. 
Hence it necessarily follows, that it 
is requ'red os ns that the foul should be 
the guider aud conductor of this mor-
tal fabric ; that, as the foul is the in-
telligent rational part of us, the ufe of 
the bndy should be a reasonable use 
only ; that the social ends, for which 
man was created, should be fulfilled^ 
and not perverted ; and as the judg-
ment, one of the facilities of the soul. 
is, on the first impulse, ever in the 
right, thefe instrnments oS she pulsions 
ought not to be actuated but in con-
formity to that firtt impulse oS the Soul, 
the judgment, 
Another strong prooS oS the immor-
tality oSthe Soul flows from the infalli-
ble justice ofthe God os providence; 
Y a beat 
^d MAGA^I^E ^ MAGA^l^E^ 
but if it were not immortal, and ever 
conscious oS good and evil done in this 
life, that gandness and justice would be 
liable to be called in question ; this is 
what bas been the greatest shock to 
fume philosophers, and at the same 
time one ol the greatest considerations 
to prove a suture state, when once 
entered upon with deliberation. Can 
we hesitate to believe the immortality 
os the foul, when we see how the grea-
test villains live and prolper in an af-
fluence of fortune, carrying it with a 
high hand againft their neigiihours, dis-
tressing all iit their power, enjoying and 
rioting in the substance of widows and 
orphans, and, at last, going to the 
grave unpunished ; whilst the innocent 
and virtuous suffer a leries os afflictions 
and injuries, by means of thefe power-
fill tyrants, all their lives, and, at 
length, lie down in the dust wronged 
and unredressed in this lise^ If then there 
be not an hereaSter for the loul, and il 
it he not conScious oS past gneid and 
evil, where is the justice t Where is 
the gondnesst Where is the Mercy i 
Where is the henevolence in giving be-
ing to mankind, for nso other end, but 
to Suffer puin and misery at the hands 
of another.^ And what but partiality, 
•which is injustice itself, could have or-
dered sufferings like thefe for some, 
and a power of tyrannizing to others, 
for the short date of the life of a man 
here, were there t.o punishment for the 
unjust and base, no happiness for the 
virtuous and injured, in an hereafter 1 
This is a conlideration dreadful in its This 
re^r very essence, if justice was no where 
to ensue. 
But who can hehold the beauties of 
all the parts of the creation i Who can 
fee himself, and know he exists t And 
at the same time behold, not only the 
careful provisions made for him, but 
also the numberiess provifaonarv me-
thods of propagating and preserving 
them sor his use, 'without knowing at 
the same time, that they were thus 
created for him as well as for the ty-
rant, who causes him to want thern ^ 
as Ytch as Sor the avatitiotsss who abu-
ses the good things of life, by denying 
them not only to others but even to 
himfelf ; I say , who can be sensible of 
thefe things, who observes this divine 
impartiality, and doubt of future re-
svards sor the virtuous, and future 
punishments for the wicked t For mil-
lions of evil deeds are unpunished, mil-
lions of wrongs done without restituti-
on, in this, life; and therefore surely, 
though a wicked person may efcape 
punishments here, it is impossible he 
should ever shun the j ustice of that di-
vine law, which necessarily points out, 
that Social virtues and benevolence 
should be the reciprocal commerce be-
tween man and man, during his short 
stay here, and that under Severe re-
strictions and penalties annexed to them. 
Where then must this unerring justice 
take place? If not on this side the 
grave. it must certainly aster the foal 
is separated from the body. 
Some Thoughts on a North West Passage 
into the South Seas, 
H F Several attempts that have 
.I been unsuccessful have occafi-
onld most people to believe that there 
is no such passage to be found by the 
N. W. into the South Seas. But if we 
follovv Captain Dampier'S advice in tire 
manner of performing this voyage, and 
give the least degree of credit to the 
following accounts, it must be granted 
buth certain and practicable. 
Capt. Dampier (vol. i. p 273) writer 
thus, < I know there have been divers 
' attempts made abuut a N. W. pass 
< sage, and all unsuccessful ; yet 1 am 
< of opinion, that such a passage may be 
' sound All our countrymen that have 
' gone to discover the N. W. passage 
< have endeavoured to pass to the west-
' ward, beginning their search along 
' Davit's straights, or Hndfon's bay : 
< but if l was to go on this discovery, 
< l would go first into the South Seas ; 
< bend my course thence along Ca/iser-
' • nia i and that way feck a passage 
• bacl^ 
A id G id 8 T, ^ 
^ back into the ^tast seas. For as o-
' titers have Spent the Summer in first 
' Searching on this more known side 
' nearer home, and So, before they got 
' through, the time of the year oblrg-
' ed 'em to give over their search, and 
' provide sor a long course back again, 
' for fear of being left in the winter t 
' on the contrary I would Search first 
< on the less known coast of the South 
' Sea side, and then as the year pasted 
' away, 1 should need no retreat, sor l 
' should come farther into my know-
' ledge, is l Succeeded in my attempt ; 
' and should be without that dread and 
' fear, which the others must have in 
' pasting from the known to the un-
' known ; who, for ought l know gave 
' over their search, juSt as they were 
' on the point of accomplishing their 
< desires.' 
A Proof of a N W Passage, in a Let-
ter from Ahniral Bartholomew de 
Fonte, then Adinira/ of New Spain 
and Peru, and now Prince of Chili ; 
giving an Account of the mest material 
Transactions in a Journal of his form 
the Ca/o of Lima in Peru, ou his Drse 
coveries to stead out of there was any 
A'orth Wist Peistage from the Atlantic 
Ocean info the South and Tartarian Sea. 
1 l E Viceroys of N-tv Spain and 
A Pern, having advice from the 
court of Spain, that the several at-
tempts of the English, both in the 
reigns of Gueen Elizabeth, King firmer, 
and of captain Hudyon and captain 
Jamet, in the 2d, 3d and 4th years os 
Kng Charles, was in the 14th year of 
the said King Charles, A. D. 1639, un-
dertaken from some industrious naviga-
tors from Boston in New England upon 
which I admiral de Fonte received orders 
stum Spain and the Viceroys to equip 
sour ships of force, and being ready 
we put to sea tbe 3d of April i64o, 
soom the calo of Le'ma, l admiral Beir-
thelemew de Fonte in tbe ship St. Spiri-
ts, the vice-admiral Don Diego Penne. 
^ssa, in the Ship St. Lecia, Pedeo ele Bo-
^trela, in she ship Rforin, Philip 
Ronqtrillo in the Ring Philip. The 7th 
of April at 5 in the afternoon, we had 
the length of St. Helen, two hundred 
leagues on she north side of the bay of 
Guayaquil, in 2 degrees of south lat. 
and anchorld in the port St. Helena, 
within the cape, where each Ship's 
company took in a quantity of betumen, 
called vulgarly tar, of a dark colour 
with a cast of green, an excellent reme-
dy against the fcurvey and dropSy, and 
is uSed as tar for shipping, but we took 
it in for medicine ; it boils out of the 
earth, and is there in plenty. The loth 
we passld the equinectial by cape del 
Pasteto, the Uth cape St. Francisco, in 
one degree and Seven minutes of lati-
tude north from the equator, and an-
chorld in the mouth oS the river St, 
Jago, where with a Sea-net we cateb'd 
abundance of gond fish ; and several of 
each ship's company went ashoar, and 
killed fome goats and Swine, which are 
there wild and in plenty ; and others 
bought os some natives, 20 dozen os 
Turkry cocks and hens, ducks and much 
excellent fruit, at a village two Spanish 
leagues, six miles and a half up the ri-
ver St. Jago, on the larboard side or the 
left hand. The river is navigable sor 
fundi vessels from the sea, about 14 
Spanish leagues fouth east, about half 
way to the fair city of ^nita, in 2e 
minutes of south latitude. a citv that is 
very rich. The i6th of we fail-
ed from the river St. Jago to the port 
and town Raleo, 5 2o leagues W.N W. 
a little westerly, 
in about i i degrees l 4 
minutes of N. latitude, leaving mount 
St. Miguel on the larboard side, and 
point Cazamina on the starboard side. 
The port of Raleo is a Safe port, is co-
vered Srom the sea by the islands Am-
pallo and Mangreza, both well inhabited 
with native Indians, and three orher 
fmall islands. Raleo is but 4 miles over 
land Srom the head of the lake Angara-
gna, that falls into the north fea in 1 x 
degrees of north latitude, near the corn 
or pearl islands. Here at the town of 
Raleo, where is aboondance of excellent 
clofegrainld timber, a redish cedar, and 
all material^ sol building shipping ; we 
bought 
174 ^d. ^AGA^l^E ^ MAGAZINES, 
bought four long well sail'd shallops, 
built. express for sailing and riding at 
anchor and rowing, about l 2 tons eacli 
ol 3a font keel. The 26sh, we sailed 
from RaleO for the port ol Saragua, 
or rather olSalagua, within the islands 
and shoals ol Chami'ly, and the port is 
often called by the astenrardi alter that 
name ; in 17 degrees 31 minutes of 
north latitude, 4^o leagues north west 
and by west, a little westerly from Ra-
leo. From the town olSaragua, a little 
east ol Chamily at Saragua, and from 
Composhlo in the neighbourhood of this 
port, we took in a master and six mari-
ners, accustomed to trade with the na-
tives on the east fide os California for 
pearl ; the natives catch'd on a bank in 
icy degrees of latitude north from the 
BUxos St. Juan, in 24 degrees os north 
latitude, 2o leagues N. N. E. from cape 
St. Lucas, the Soush east point of Cali-
fornia. The master adrtural de Fonte 
bad lured wish bis vessel and mariners, 
who hadinsormed the admiral, that 200 
leagues north from cape St, Lucas, a 
stood from the norsh, met the south 
stood, and that he was Sure it must be 
an • island : and Don Diego Pe.melossa 
^sister's Son os Don Lewis de Ilaro) a 
young nobleman of great knowledge 
and address in cosmography and navi-
gation, undertook to discover whether 
California was an island or not ; lor 
before it was not known whether it was 
an island or a peninsula ; with his ship 
and she four shallopr they bought at 
Raleo, and the masters and mariners 
they lured at Salagua ; but admiral de 
Fonte with the other three Ships sailed 
from them within the islands Chamily 
the iosh os May 1640, and having the 
length os cape Abel, on the W. S. W. 
fide of California in 26 degrees of N. 
latitude, 16o leagues N. W. and W. 
from the isles Chamily ; the wind lprung 
up at S. S. E. a steady gale, that from 
the 26th os May to the i4th of June, he 
bad Sal Id to the river los Reyes in 53 
degrees ofN. latitude, not having occa-
sion to lower a topSail, in Sailing 866 
leagues N. N. W. 4lo leagues from 
port Ahel to cape Blanco, 456 leaguea 
to Riolos Reyes, all the • time most plea-
sant weather, and Sailed ahout a6o 
leagues in crooked channels, amongst 
islands named Artheprlagus de St. Lezn-
rus, where his ships boats always lail'd 
a mile a head, Sounding to see what 
water, rocks and lands there was, The 
zad os scene admiral Fonte dispatchld one 
os his captains to Pedro de Barnarde, to 
sail up a sair rivet, a gentle stream and 
deep water, went first N E. N. and 
N. W. into a large lake foil of islands 
and one very large peninsula foil of in. 
habitants, a friendly honest people in 
this lake ; he named lake Valasto, 
where captain Barnar.la left his Ship ; 
nor all up tire river was less than 4, 5, 
6, 7 and 8 fathom water, both the ri-
vers and lakes abounding with salmon 
trouts, and very large white pearch, 
fome of two foot long ; and with three 
large Indian boats, by them called Pe-
riagos, made os two large trees ^o and 
6o Soot long. Captain Barnarda first 
Sailed from his ships in the lake Vilaseo, 
one hundred and forty leagues west, 
then 436 E. N. E. to 77 degrees of 
latitude. Admiral de Fonfe, after he 
had dispatch*d captain Barn.arela on the 
discovery of the north and east part of 
the Tartarian Sea, the admiral failed 
up a very navigable river, which he 
named Rio los Reyes, that run nearest 
north-east, but on feveral points of the 
compass 6o leagues at low water, in a 
Sair navigable chanocl, not lefs than 4 
or 5 fathom water. It flowed in both 
rivers near the same water, in the river 
los Reyes, 24 seet foil and change as the 
moon ; a S. S. E moon made high 
water. It Slowld in the river de /laro 
22 feet and a hall full and change-
They had two jefuitS with them that 
had bern on their mission to she 66 
degree of north latitude, and had made 
curious observations. The admiral de 
Fonte received a letter from captain Bar-
narela, dated the 27sh os June, i^4O> 
that he had left bis ship in the lake 
Valasco, betwixt the island Barnarelaand 
the peninsula COaihastet, a very sale pern 
it went down a river from the lake, 3 
falls, 8o leagues, and sell into the Tar 
t.triaa 
A Id G Id 8 T, 17^. ^^ 
tarian sea in 61 degrees, with the fathers /y. This lake is 16o leagues long, 
jefuitsand 36 natives in three of their and 6o broad, the lengtb is E. 'N, E, 
boats, and ao of bis Spanish seamen ; and W. S. W. to 2o or 3u, in some 
that tbe land trended away nortb-east, places 6o fathom deep ; the lake a-
that they should want no provisions, the bounds with excellent end and ling, 
ceoUatry abounding witb venison of 3 very large and well fed, there are le-
Sorts, and tbe Sea and rivers with excel- veral very large islands and ten Small 
lent fish (bread, Salt, oil and brandy they ones ; they are covered with shrubby 
carried with them) that be should do wonds, the moSs grows 6 or 7 foot 
what was possible. The admiral, when long, witb wbicb tbe moose, a very 
he received tbe letter from captain Bar- large SortoS deer, are Sat with in the 
rrarcla, was arrived at an Indian town winter, and other lesser deer as Sallow', 
called Conestet, on the South-side the lake &c. There are abundance of wild 
Belin, where tbe two Satbers jesuitS on cherries, strawberries, hurtle-berties, 
'their mission bad been two years ; a and wild currants, and also of wild 
pleasant place. Tbe admiral with his fowl, heathcocks and bens, likewise 
two ships, entered the lake the 22d partridges, and turkeys, and sea fowl 
of fore, an bour before bigb water in great plenty on tbe foutb side : tbe 
and there was no sail or cataract, and lake is a very large fruitsul island, bad 
4 or 5 fathom water, and 6 and 7 fa- a great many inhabitants, and very ex-
thom generally in the lake Belle, there cedent timber, as oaks, ashes, elm and 
is a little fall of water 'till balf flood fir-trees, very large and tail. 
anal an bour and quarter before bigb wa- Tbe t4sh os July we failed out of tbe 
tertbeflond begins to set gently into E. N. E. end of tbe lake de Fonte, and 
the lake Belle ; tbe river is fresh at 2o passed a lake l named Estricbo de Ron-
leagues distance stum tbe mouth, or en- quillo, 34 leagues long, 2 or 3 leagues 
trance of tbe river los Reyes. Tbe river broad, 2o, 26, and 28 satbom of wa-
and lake abound with salmon, salmon- ter ; we paSsld this streight in 1o hours, 
I. trouts, pikes, perch and mullets, and having a stout gale of wind and whole 
two other forts offish peculiar to that ebb. As we failed more easterly, the 
rivet, admirable good; and the lake country grew very sensibly worse, as it is 
Berle also abounds with all those sorts in the nortb and foutb parts of America, 
of fish large and delicate : And admi- from 36 to tbe extreme parts nortb or 
ral de Fonte says, tbe mullets catcbld in foutb; tbe west differs not only infer-
Rio les Reyes and lake Belle, are inuch tility but in temperature of ait, at least 
delicater than are to be sound, he be- lo degrees ; and it is warmer on the 
sieves, in any part of she world. west fide than on the east, as the best 
The sirSt of July, 1640, admiral Spanish discoverers found it, whose bu-
di Fonte sailed from tbe rest^ of bis finesS it was in tbe time of tbe Emperor 
ships in tbe lake Belle, in a gond port Charles V. to Philip Ill. as is noted by 
covered by a fine s island, before A/vares and a Costa and Mariana, &c. 
the town Cono^et, from thence to Tbe 17th we came to an Indian 
a river l named Parmenticrt, in town, and the Indians told our interpre-
nonour of iny industrious judicious ter Mr. Parmentiert, that a little way 
comrade, Mr. Parmentiers, who had from us lay a great ship where there 
most exactly markld every thing in and had never been one before ; we sailed 
about that river ; we passld 8 falls, in to them, and sound only one man ad-
ail 32 soot, perpendicular from its vanced in years, and a youth ; the 
source out of Belle ; it Sails into tbe man was tbe greatest man in the me-
rge lake 1 named lake de Forrtc, at chanical parts of she matbematicks l 
whicb place we arrived tbe 6th of for had ever met with ; my Second mate 
^d MAGAZINE ^^AGA^I^F^, 
was an English man, an excellent sea-
man, as was my gunner, who had been 
taken prisoners at Campeacby, as well 
as the master's Ion ; they told me the 
ship was of New England, from a town 
called Boston. The owner and she 
whole ship's company came on board 
the 3oth ; and the navigator of the ship 
Cape Shap/ey, told me, his owner was 
a fine gentleman, and major-gene-
ral of the largest colony in eYew 
England, called Maleechusels ; fo I re-
ceived him like a gentleman, and 
told him, my commission was to make 
prize of any people seeking a north-west 
or west passage into the South-Sea, but 
I would look upon them as merchants 
trading with the natives for beavers, 
otters, and other furs and skins, and so 
for a fmall prelent ol provisions I had no 
need on, I gave him my diamond ring, 
which cost me l 2oo pieces ol eight, 
(which the modest gentleman received 
with difficulty) and having given the 
brave navigator, Capt, Shap/ey, for his 
fine charts and journals, iooo pieces of 
eight, and the owner of the ship, Scimor 
Gibbon,, a quarter cask of good Peruan 
wine, and the ten leamen each 2o pie-
ces ol eight, the 6th of August, with as 
much wind as we conld fly before, and 
a current, we arrived at the first fall of 
the river Parmentiers, the 11th of Au-
gust. 86 leagues. and was on the south-
side of the Lake Belle on hoard our strips 
the 16th ol August, before the fine town 
Cottier, where we found all things well; 
and the honest natives of Cono^et had in 
our abfence treated our people with 
great humanity, and Capt. de Ronquil-
L answered their civility and justice' 
^^ Tho' the flile of the foregoing piece 
is not a/together so po/ite, (being writ 
hike a man, whose livelihood depended 
on another wayd hut with ahun.laiiee of 
experience and as a traveller, yet it 
contains se many curious, and hitherto 
emknOwn east-Overies, that it was 
thought wertby a place in this Maga-
zine. 
To the AUTHOR, &c. 
SIR, 
A S there have lately been many 
iL melancholy accounts of milehief 
done by the bite of mad dogs, and as 
the following receipt has bern ufed in 
one family for upwards of 8o years with 
such success, as never to have been 
known to fail, the publishing of it may 
be of great benes.t to mankind in ge-
neral, as west as the animal creation. 
Yours, &c. 
PiilLANTHROPOS. 
ARECE1PT for the Bite of a Madldtg. ' 
Take the youngest shoots of the el-
der tree, strip it ofthe outside bark, then 
take of the green rind two large hand-
sels, put it in five pints of strong alt, 
let it Simmer together ahout fifteen 
minutes ; strain off the liquor, squeez-
ing the rind dry ; when cold, put it 
into buttles, and drink half a pint 
morning and evening made warm, 
washing the part affected with some ol 
the liquor. The patient should he 
kept warm, and she medicine to he re-
peated every new and lull of the moon 
fur two or three times. 
The same as the abuve may be ob-
served in regard to large cattle, only 
giving them a pint to drink instead of 
half a pint. 
Why the JAPANESE totally^ extirpated 
CHRISTIANITY, and prohibited 
all Com m erce with C11R1stt4Ns, 
SIR, 
AT your request I shall justspoi^ 
-n- out to you 
the cause of the se^"' 
nese antipathy to Christianity. The Por-
tuguese abuut the year 1549 Settled a 
sactory and a mission of jesuits in se^ 
pan, with great success. Trade increa-
sed, and converts were numerous ; 
among whom were the Prince of Bon-
go, Arima, and Omura. And in tt 582 
they tendered their homage to Pope 
Gregory ^111. But when it was though 
d^f AUGUST, 17^^. 
that the whole nation of Japan were nesc Princes concerned in the conspiracy^ 
resolved .to preosefs Christ, the heathen This discovery, made by the Dutch, 
priests prevailed So effectually with their wat afterwards confirmed by another 
emperor, that by proclamation in i 586 letter, written by the Same Captain 
he forbid all his subjects, under pain of Moro to the Portuguese government at 
death, to embrace the Christian faith Macao, which was intercepted and 
Which was lo'iloWld immediately by a brought into Japan by a Japanese ship. 
most Severe persecution ; in which It was therefore ordered in the year 
20570 soffered death in the year i 590, 1637, that no foreigners should have 
and12ooo in i 591, and 1592. And leave to eome into the country, and 
it was thought that ifthe new converts that none of the Emperor's subjects 
had not at last been disgusted at the should travel abroad. However, the 
pride and covetoulhefs of the Portuguese directors of the Portuguese trade staid in 
clergy as well as of the laity, it had Japan about two years longer a But at * 
not been in the power os tortures to ex- last, upon assurances given to the Em-
tirpate Christianity. peror by the Dutch East India company, 
The Dutch, in imitation os the Por- that they would supply the country 
tuguese, resolved some time before the wish such commodities as had been 
year i6oo, to extend alio their naviga- formerly imported by the Portuguese, he 
tain into the East Indies. Their first declared the latter to be enemies to the 
factory in Japan was at Firande, and empire. Thus the Portuguest lost their 
they had a free commerce granted trade with Japan, and were totally ex-
them. Being in war with Spain, which pelled before the latter end of the year 
was then possessed of all the Portuguese 1639. 
dbminions, they undertook to supplant The next year, they resolved to try 
the Portuguese, and to ruin their trade. again to revive that profitable branch 
Befides, they had great reason to com- os their trade. in order to it, the go-
plain of the Portuguese, who represent- vernment of MaeaO sent two ambaSSa-
ed them as tile Wtorst and most un- dors to the Emperor of Jaipan, attend-
just people in the world. Wherefore ed with a retinue of seventy-three per-
they took hold ofan opportunity, which Sons. As soon as thefe ambassador^ 
offered itself soon aster. Having taken came into the harbour of Nagasaki, 
an homeward hound Portuguese ship, they were put under artest with their , 
near the Cape of Gued Hope, in which whole retinue, tho' they had no goods 
they sound a traiterous letter to the K. on board, to shew that they did not 
of Portugal, written by one caPt. Moro, come with an intention to trade. The 
a Japanese, and a great zealut sor the Emperor ordered them all to be be-
Christian religion ; they delivered that headed, except twelve of the lowest 
letter to their protector, the Prince of rank, who were to be sent back to 
Firande, who communicated it to the Macao, to carry to their countrymen 
governor of Nagasaki Captain Moro the news of this unhappy success, with 
being taken up, boldly denied the fact, a proud and threatning message from 
and so did all the Portuguese at Nagasa- that Prince, importing, that "should 
ki ; but they were convicted. The " she King of Portugal himself, nav, 
letter was sent to court, and Moro was " the very Gnd of the Christians, pre-
burnt alive. That letter laid open the " fume to enter his dominions, he 
whole plot, which the Japanese Christ- " would ferve them in the very same 
ians, in conjunction with the Portuguese, " manner.'' It is highly probable 
had made against the Emperor's^ life, that those twelve men, for want of 
she want they stood in of ships and sol- Skill in the management of their ship, 
diers, which were promised them from perished at sea. Each of the other Por-
Pto-lugal, and the names os the 'Tapa- tu^uese had, according to the custom of 
Vol.. IV, ^ th^ 
^AGA^l^E 
the country, bis own executioner stand-
ing by him ; so that upon the fignal 
given, all their heads were struck off 
in ^instant. 
Every Alan in bis own Humour 
|T is a very just, and a commo: ob-
servation upon tbe nativer. of this 
island, that in their different degrees, 
and in their Several proSefsions and em-
ployments, they abound as much, and 
perhapr more, in good senSe, than any 
people ; and vet, at the Same time, 
there is Scarce an Englishman of any life 
and Spirit, that has not some odd cast 
of thought, some original humour that 
distinguishes bim from his neighbour. 
The very fame meaSure oS understand-
ing, the very Same accomplishments, 
the very Same defects, shall, amongst 
us, appear under a quite different aS-
pect in one man, to what they de in 
another. This makes it as impractica-
ble to foreigners to enter into a 1 horon gh 
knowledge oS the English , as it would 
he to learn the Chinese language, in 
which there is a different character Sor 
every individual word. I know not 
bow to explain this vein of humour fo 
obvious. in my countrymen better, than 
hy comparing it to what the French call 
le gout du terrier in wines ; by which 
they mean the different flavour one and 
the fame grape shall draw from the dif-
ferent foils in which it is planted. This 
national mark is visible amongst us in 
every rank and degree of men, from 
the persons of the first quality and po-
litest fense, down to the rudest and most 
ignorant os the people. Every mecha-
niak has a peculiar east of the head and 
turn of wit, or fome uncommon .whim, 
as a characteriltick, that distinguishes 
bim from others of bis trade, as well as 
from the multitudes that are npon a le-
a'el with him. 
Though tills Singularity of temper, 
which runs through she generality of 
us, they make us Seem whimsical to 
Strangers ; yet it Surnishes out a perpe-
tual change os entertainment to our-
selves, and diversifies all onr conversati-
ons with filch a variety os mirth, as is 
not to be met with in any orber coun-
try. Sir William Temple, in his effay 
upon poetry, endeavours to account 
for the British humours in she following 
mannet t 
" This may proceed from the native 
plenty of our soil, the unequalness of 
our climate, as well as the ease os our 
government, and the liherty of profess 
sing opinions and factions, which per-
haps our neighbuurs have about 
them. but are forced to difguife, and 
thereby may come in time to he extin-
guished. Thus we come to bave more 
originals, and more that appear what 
they are : we have more humour, be-
cause every man Sullows bis own, and 
takes a pleaSure, perhapr a pride, to 
shew it. On the contrary, where the 
people are generally poor, and forced 
to hard labuut, their actions and lives 
are all of a piece : where they serve 
hard masters, they must follow their ex-
amples, as well as cnmmanrd, and are 
forced upon imitation in Small matters, 
as well as obedience in great : So that 
some nations look as if they were cast 
by one mould, or cut out ail by one 
pattern, at least the common people in 
one, and the gentlemen in another; 
they Seem ail os a Sort in their habits, 
their customs, and even their talk and 
conversation, as well as in the applica-
tion and pursuit os their actions 
and their lives. Besides all this, there 
is another fort of variety amongst us, 
which arises from our climate, and the 
dispositions it naturally produces. We 
are not only more unlike one another, 
than any nation l know ; but we are 
more unlike ourselves too, at several 
times, and owe to our very air 
fonie ill qualities, as well as many 
good, 
FAIR 
^ H G U S T^ ^^ ^^ 
^ A ^ R E ^ E. ^^ ^a 
Fair Hrss 1 left with a cautious design, Toefcapc from her 
charms, end to drown ,em in wine. 1 tastd it but fcound wher 1 came to do 
past, The wine in my herd and still lose in my heart, 1 repair'd to my . I 
reason, intreated her aid, Who psn'd on my case, end essh 
circumstance weight Then gravely prenounddsin teeumto my pory'r, That 
Hill was fairest of all that was fair. 
That's a trrith, replv'd 1, lv'e no need to he What hopes thenalas ! of relief ft om my porn, 
taught, t : • Wfl^e, like lightening. She dests thro' each 
1 eame for vbur e-o^ifel-o ftnd outa fault. ' throbbing vein ? 
If that's all quoth Reason. return .as you came. My SenSer surpriz'd in her faveout took arms. 
To find lault with H.be would forfeit my name, And Reatoo confirms me a Slave to hepcharmr. 
^ ^ N T R Y A ^ ^ E. 
H E L T E R BELTER.-
Firft oesople f^sre through the Second -4 ; Secesnd 'ce-opse the lame with the 
eoupfe gasing down the middle, up again. and eaft off. eight and left, with tho tesp esouple 
^n sedng three yueog Lrt or ys walking in 
N^—th— nsh rs*. 
TOT on mount lbs. but on S—r-^nhill. 
^ 1Taw there ^nddessescSoi'e),y the miSl, 
whence a wide extended prospect lies, 
l^erer^SingS orlsv ha Surrounding shic-', ' . 
June, waited sor-most. round her slender Searst, 
h jacket button' d with yold trimming he'd; 
Tell and eented her shape, a ag-arefus mien, 
In lofty eleafot pent on high, 
Aaif Approaching near She Sky ; 
Here sye your Cte^ceVarinum, 
And there Syrropste Criticorum ; 
Ov walking Spruce ale.ng the street. 
Whet eyes year draw, what bows y',u meet ' 
l She leaale'd u geddrs,. end She merv'et a queen 1 
lH.d Sbe been wed to Jcve. he ne'er had rang'd, 
tar into t'w-an ytor Shower his^ndshipch rne'd. 
Next her was Vslas. in her hand a book, 
lirine her air. sedate. yet S'weer her soesk t 
v-eau-htby herself, a pet-en-Pair fhe wore, 
iVeth varirya'ed floWrs eevtbroeder'do'er : 
maid So lovely. wirh an angel's mind, 
hi ice happy Syr-pbm t if for rher drsrgn'd 
Venur appeoach'd—no nnmhersoun express 
rr heautv far iurpailing ev'rv dress t 
•erth Symmetry of eharmi ! Such radiant eyes 1 
re's again would give to her rhe prize; 
ye this r-terview again he'd hern, 
might another ten year's frege have seen. 
^ a Friend g-mg retro t^v MllelstRV. 
'^HRO' ftve year, tediotrs fpoee 1 view 
Thee,mand'd o'er with Sa^Ie hue, 
Futrore directions teem far better 
with sterwrnt Sremting esr'ry hater : 
But Sor expreffinna deli. ate 
The tribe L vithk imitate. 
There: when yon sn tho P^e't Stand. 
Adorn'd with powder d wr^ seed band. 
Wthengfaue, are in the pother afaruUee!, 
And stud and wrstbaud both exulted, 
Your Amdkerchief and seyrrm ftxt. 
G^ser the froyh, end verse the stuth .• 
< My general headr —ahem—are two-
' The method which 1 shall pursue— 
Beloved— now to he snore plai 
If rime allows—but now again—— 
• The esoctrine — brethren-—crime we next— 
• Then. in a word— to c lease my text— 
' The application—Use—1 fay—— 
' Confreler what you've heard'—this way) 
You'll gain the wond'ring hearers praise, 
Thus amply verst in polyrt phrase. C 
Bnmrs^dayr. Ot.ttylDtiS. 
Vaasss 
A lf^G H S T, 17^^. 
V a R s y s written ^ a Lily's F A 
in the least end flighted toy 
I Can with rrsistress art employ . 
Tliic Fan, in meaner handr, would prove 
An engine as Small force in love • 
Yet she with graceful air and men 
(Not to be told, or lasely seen S 
directs its wanton motion so, 
That it wounds more than Cypd' s bow. 
t.ives ceoolnrss to the matchless dame, 
Yes every other breast—a flame. 
^eeamneeturtrlPar-nf. or the Vigo's last ^ saeae 
Surg by Mr. Beard, at Ranelagh. 
virgins who do listen to, 
, I Whote'er yotrr mothers Soy, 
Bertrl'dby me, and let's agree. 
Sy'sa longer to ohev ; for I've been Sinshb'd, 
And I've been draibb'd, 
Till S 'ye been black and blue. 
lSart t'll behave no more like a slave, 
^art l'ls beb.ave no more like a Slave, 
1 with 1 may dee if t ales, if 1 do. 
1 wish l may die if 1 do. 
S. 
^th ni^ht and day, the prates away, 
About my being nice ; 
Ike S declare, 'twandd make yon stare, 
To hear her duls advice : 
^he Says tSrat 1 from men muss fly, 
lie mifchlrs will enStre s 
Martin atl the kind no harm 1 find, 
I with 1 may die iS 1 do, 
^le Says that youth, still blind to truth, 
the danger ne'er can tell, 
^ 'tis fte^n sense end experience, 
^hat shecan talk So well; 
^ got Sense from experience, 
forn she may depend upon':, 
Ill try to be as wise as sheast 
I wish l may die if 1 don't. 
ui^ ^ ^his day, , sit'^le for a kiSr; 
and ery'd, end him did chide. 
aastrtb--wher do von mean by this? 
tu w^nd'rons rude. rhat you'll intrude, 
^hms hove SO oft sorbid, 
don't make me cry 
s srtsh 1 nary die if he did 
^^ he bee, whilst yotmo 1 be, 
i-^aa^spa^ ^tug quired wiSe, 
. lam quite ^r^t ^ 
'^•three, a prude l'tl in, 
tp^ytny follses by; ' 
1^1 ^^i the mm, ^Ido-lwushl may^c, 
fart of the frty-th'rd Chopper of EeeleSaasticns 
paropbrofed. 
Powrer firpremc 1 O high above all height . 
Tlaon gav'st the son to shine, end thou 
art light ! 
Whether hefalb or rrSes in the skies, 
He, by thy yoice, is taught to fall or rise; 
Sw-iftSy he moves, refrilgent in his Sphere. 
And meaSures esut the day, the month and year. 
He drives the hours along with flower pace, 
Whilethequick minutes uimbly run their race; 
Hew-ahos theflcow'rs therfleep within tho e rah, 
And calls thefrageant infants cmt to birch ; 
The fragrant infants paint th' enamell'd vales. 
Aod native incense loads the balmlv gales ; 
The balmy gales the fsaaranoy conyry 
To heay'n, and to their Gerd an ofle-ring pay. 
By thy command, the monn as day-light fades 
Lists her broad cirrie in tho deep'ning Shades; 
Array'd in glory, and enthron'd in light. 
She breaks the sole • n terrors of the n rght ; 
Sweetly inconstant in her varying flame. 
She changes still, another, yet the Same! 
Now in decrease by Slow dryrees She Shrouds 
Her fading lustre in a veil of cletude ; 
Now at inereafe her gathering beams display 
A blaze of light. and give a paler day ; 
Ten-thouSand stars adorn her glitt'ringtraen, 
Fall, wher She falls, and rife with ber'a-cin , 
And o'er the deSeyxs of the sky unsold 
Therr turning spangles of Sydereal geld t 
Thro' the wide heav'ns she moves serenely bright 
tureen ofthe gey attendants of the nigttt ; 
Orb above eorb in Sweet confufron lies. 
And with a bright disorder paints the skies. 
The Lord ofnature fram'd the straw 'ry how, 
Turn'd ats gey arch, and bad its celouraglow 
Its radiant circle oompaSies the skies, 
And Sweetly the rich tinctures faint end rife; 
It bide the horrors of the Storm to cease, 
Adorns thedouds, and makes the tempest please, 
He, when embattled clouds , in black array, 
O' er the wide hoay ns their glooniy fronts dis-
play, 
Fours down a wat'ry deluge from on high, 
And all the sluices of the sky ; 
The rushing torrents drown ahe floated geonnd 
The mountains trernhse, and the plains reSound z 
Mean time. stem ev'ry region of the sky, 
Red burning bolts in forky vengeance ey ; 
Dreadfully h 
right, o'er seas and earth they glare. 
And bursts of ahunder rend rh' encumher d air ; 
At once the thunders of th' Almighty Sound, 
Heay'n low'rt, dcSccnd the fsonds, and rocke 
the ground. 
He gives the furious whirlwind wing to fly, 
To rend the earth, and wheel along the sky ; 
In cireling eddies whirl'd, it roars aloud, 
Drives wayeon wave, and dashes oloud on cloud; 
Where'er it 
lays whole forests sow, 
And, at the blast, eternal mountains bow : 
While. rearing up the sands, in drifts they rise. 
And foals ahedrserts mount the burdesa'd skies. ' Ho 
He from aerial treasures downwards pours 
sheets of unfullied Snow in lucid show'rs ; 
Flake after flake thro' air thick-wavering flies, 
Till one vast shining waste all nature lies , 
Then the preaud hills a virgin whiteness shed, 
A dazzling brightness glitters from the mead : 
The hoary trees reflect a falser Show. 
And groves beneath the lovely burthen bow. 
He from loose vapours, with an iry chain. 
Binds the round hail, and m error Ids the harden'd 
rain t 
The stony tempest, with a rushing sound 
Beats the ftrm glebe, resulting from the geound , 
Swiftly it lalls, and as it latls invades 
The rifrn^ heth. or breaks the Spreading blades; 
While infant flow'rs that rais'd therr bloomy 
heads, 
Crush'd by its fury, Sink into therr beds. 
When Stormy winter frcsm the frozen north, 
lforn on his ing chariot, rushes forth, 
The blafted groves therr 'verdant pride reSrgn, 
And waters hardert'd into crystal shine : 
Sharp blows the rigour of the piercing winds, 
And the broad floods, as with a breast- plate, 
binds ; 
Ev'n the proud seas Sotgrt in tides to roll, 
Heneath the freezings of tho northern pole t 
There waves on waves in Solid mountains rise, 
And Alps of ice invade the wond'ring skies ; 
While gulphs below and slippery vallies lie, 
And with a dreadful brightness pain tho eye, 
But if warm winds a warmer air restore, 
Aud softer breezes bring a genial shows. 
The genial Show r revives the chearful plain, 
And the hoge hills flow down into the main. 
When the Seas rage, end loud the ocean 
roars, 
When foaming hillosvs lash the sounding shores ; 
If he in thonder bid the waves fubfrde, 
The waves obedient Sank upon the tide, 
A Sudden peace controtals th' unfolded dee-p, 
And the still waters in Soft Silence Sleep. 
Then heav'n lets down a golden streaming ray, 
And all the broad expanSion flames with day . 
In the clear glass the mariners desery 
A fun inverted and a downward sky. 
They who advent' plow the wat'ry way, 
The dreadful wonders of the deep sorwry ; 
Familiar with the storms their sails unbind, 
Tempt tire rough blast, end bound before the 
wind.-
Now high they mount, now shoeot into a vale, 
Now frnooth their course, end Send before the gele.' 
There ro.nng monitors, arm'd in Scaly pride, 
Flounce in the billows, and dash wide the tide. 
There huge Leviathan un wieldly moves, 
And thro' the wave, a living island, roves ; 
In eSreadsol pastime, terribly he Sports, 
And the vast ocean Scarce his weight supports ; 
'Where'er he turns, the hoary deeps divide, 
He breathe a tempest, and heSpoutS a tide. 
Thai, Lord, the wanders as earth, Sea, end ait, 
Thy hoandksi wiSdom and shy posv'r dechat ; 
Thou high in glory, and in might serene, 
See'St and mo v'St all, thySelf unmov'd, unseen e 
Should mm and angels join in Songs to raise 
A grateful tribute e^ual to thy praise, 
Yet lar thy glorv would their praiSe outshine, 
Tho' men and angel. in the song should join ; 
Fotrho' the earth with skill divine is wrought, 
Tho' wond'rous ev'u beyand the reach of 
thought, 
Yet in the spacious regions of the skies 
New Scenes unsold, and wotldr on wotldr arifes 
There other orbs round other funs advance, 
Fsoat in the ait, and run therr mystic dance t 
And yet the pow'r of thy Almighty hand 
Can build another world 'from every land. 
^n Ode. And-ofs'd toayousg Lardy. 
By Mr. Boy etc. 
rR-sfSE bird that from the lime-twig flies, 
I ^ith caution, shuns the School-day's 
nickel 
But we, who won'd he thotight mote wise, 
Can't shun the lime- twigs for our Sin, 
The female kind our hearts enshare, 
'Tic grown a Science to trepan ; 
The stuay'd look, the lashion'd alt, 
Oh, Shame 1 can conquer god-like man. 
1. 
To Sooth the feeling Social beeast, 
And calm the notfy world's alarms ; 
To welcome rapture, 'peace end rest, 
With beautyS Soft endearing chatrr.S ; 
By native pow'r of lace end mand, 
To be at once both bsess'd and bless .' 
For this the gods the lair drsa^n'd 
And not to patin, to paint, and dress, 
a. 
When nature, kind, exerts her skill, 
And frames a lieav'nly lace and rinn^ 
How vain to contradict her will l 
Ah, lee the angel still be Seen 
Seeh beauty needs no mottal aid, 
But ever beigbreros in the good ; 
Believe me, nature never made 
A gey coquette, or formal praider 
4. 
The glare of tinSel vadry 
The m-ntal rye may chance approve; 
But Sense end heav'n burn mndeify 
Must win the sous, the Seat of iove .• 
The blooming maid whom these adorn, 
With paty views her Sex's folly , 
And radiant as the rays of morn, 
Thrse virtues shine, in ther, O Molly t 
Aestz'er to the R a a v s in the Soppier^ t^ 
^oL ltL Page t^oa. 
g^LD goffipe we know everlastingly the', 
nam's Part of a Swine, Sit, and so maicn 
for that ; 
So Chatham's the town, more Sot shspP^ ^ DGWn^ .. s 
Thau for my fa^Prt^ectsbefidss to be so^ 
AUGUST, 17^^. 
^e o^ ^ur own ^iMEs, 
SAtURDA'r August 1. 
rubbish in Lincolo's 
^ ^ inn Square having bern 
^ sifted, most of the Suffer-
L. d ers by late fire, have had 
the ChieS part os their pro-
perties in plate and cash, restored to 
them, and Mr. Pickering who last bank 
notes to the amount oS 1 tool. has been 
So successful as to re-establish most oS 
them. 
3. His royal highness the duke os 
Cismherlinel review- 'd the regiment oS 
artillery at Woolwich, who went thro* 
their different firings to the greatest 
perfection : aSter which his royal high-
ness gave them a present os twenty 
guineas, and expressed great fatisfactl-
on. 
5. The princess Amelia went to 
llamptou Court, from whence she set out 
far Bath. v 
6. This morning came on at she fchool-
heuSe in St. Mary Axe, the election of 
an alderman fir Leme-sineef ward in the 
room of William Whitaker, Esq; deceas-
ed. The candidates were John Porter, 
FSq; citizen and falter, and W. Alexander, 
LSq; aitizen and tallow-chandler; on 
the shew oS haaids the lord mayor de-
clared Mr. Porter, but a pull being de-
manded in Savour oS Mr. Alexeznd-r, the 
same began immediately and cloSed at 
half an hour aster two o'clock, when 
Mr. Porter having a considerable majo-
rity was declared duly elected 
7. Admiral Vernon, alderman Jansten, 
2nd the rest of the commirte of the an-
tigalh'cans, mer at the crown tavern be-
hind the royal Exchange, to give their 
premiums to the maker of the best piece 
of English bonc lace ; when the best prize 
aslo guineas was adjudged to Mr. 
trillram Marriott, of A'ewport-Pagund, 
Bucks. The principal dealers in lace in 
Lone^n were invited and it was left to 
.em to give their opinion, who allowed 
H to be the best ever made in England 
Twenty women who fold themfelvea 
Sor four years to a captain hound for 
Philadeiphin, were carried from the Bole 
and Tun inn in Fleet street, to be pot 
on hoard his ship.— (As women are 
wanted in our colonies, and we ahound 
here with them, it is thought shat none 
of them will come back.) 
This day, ahout four in the after-
noon, her royal highness the princess 
Amelia arrived at Bain, and was usher-
ed in the city by the aldermen, com-
mon council, and mayor; who ad-
dressed her as folloYvs : 
May it pleese your rnyai highness, 
• t O permit us, the mayor, alder-
I men, and citizens, to congratu-
late your highness on your safe arrival 
in this city, and to express to your high-
ness our sincere wishes that the waters 
may have the most happy effect your 
highness can desire. And we beg leave 
to assure your royal highoess, that, as a 
proof of the integrity of our hearts, 
we will exercise all the powers and pri-
vileges we happily enjoy under the au-
spicious government os your royal fa-
ther (whom God long preserve) in the 
most dutiful manner we can, and en-
deavour to make your residence here aa 
easy and agreeable to you, as it is an 
honour to ourselves in testrSying that 
loyalty and gratitude we justly owe tea 
his majesty, and to every branch of his 
royal family. 
To which her highness returned a 
most gracious anfwer. 
8. A fire broke out at Mr. Scars-
fields, a Dutch baker, in Carastesineet St, 
Ann's, occasioned by fome shavings tak-
ing fire; which burnld the inSide oS the 
house with all the furniture, and da-
maged a stable and coach houle, of the 
Venetian ambassador's 
to. A gardener's wise coming to 
town in ^buat, carelessly let a child of six 
six months old-sall out of her arms,.and 
it was immediately drownld. 
1 1. One ol the workmen employed 
in repairing St. Dunstein's church, Sound, 
fixed in the upper jaw oS a skull that 
was 'almost moulder'd away, a piece of 
plain gold, ahout an inch, and hals 
long, quite fresh. 
13. Within this fortnight I a o, l-ast 
pounds of wool have been exported to 
Dunkirk by certificate ; but as the custom 
house bills do not distinguish whether it 
is British or Irish, or Spanish wool, &c. 
it is wished Such inaccuracies may be 
rectified for the future, in order to re-
move' all suspicion of English Wool be-
ing miked with and exported with fo-
reign. 
The .East-lnd'a company received 
advice os 'the arrival in the downs of 
the Shaftesbury, duke of Doastl and East-
court, from Bombay. 
t4- i3oo Ounces of gold 'coin vret'e 
entered af the custom houSe for Flan-
ders, and i6oo onnces of gold, and 
3 boo ounces of silver coin for Holland. 
'15. A parcel of waistcoats embroi-
dered with foreign gold and silver 
(dtluch' were lately seized at a taylor's 
b^use, who rniast pay she penalty of 
1ool. pursuant to act of parliament) 
were pubsickly burnt in prefenCe of the 
custom-house officers and others. 
'Orders are given for raising a consi-
derable number of recruits to reinforce 
the' garrisons at Gibraltar and PortMis-
bon. 
A Sbip'is performing quarantine at 
Stan.Igate-Creek, and the goods are air-
in^ oh ascassold, built upon an old ship 
of war. 
last In the afternoon a fire broke out 
at an o^ Shop near Srnithsield Bars, which 
bairraed the back part of it and damag-
ed three others. 
Three waggon loads of money, and 
valuable effects were brought to the 
bank, ftom ton board the Prince Henry 
mati' of si^ar, Captain Jesper, lately ar-
rived from Jamaica ; who has brought 
tco England the bait collection of birds 
and wild animals ever seen here^ 
21. Several Hackney chairmen went 
to the plantation office, W^hitehall, to 
enter themselves to go to Alova Scotia. 
22. At noon the hard mayor of this ci-
ty proclaim'cl Bartholomew-Fair, ac-
cording to annual custom, and the neat 
day Mr. Holland drove his loaded cart 
thro' the fair tollseee, as a citizen ol 
London. 
At a hearing on a commission of lu-
nacy at Seastants inn-Hall before judge 
Fester, against a member of Parliament 
lately marryld to a lady of fortune ; it 
appeared that his disorder was chiefly. 
the Effects of liquor, and his lordshio 
order'd that his liberty sh ould be restor'd, 
and proper persons attend him for^ 
short time, at his own or any other gen-
tleman's house. 
Right Hon. Henry Pcsham, Lso ; ar-
rived at Greenwich palace, Sroni a tour 
he had made as far as Alorthumbcr/and 
to visit his friends in the Aerth. 
Began the fires in two light-houses 
erected on the Lezardy beating from 
each otherby a common compass, west 
5^ northerly, and east 5o Southerly ; 
drstancc 7 a' yards, to burn every night 
constantly. 
2 4. The assembly of A eW England have 
past an act, for his majesty's approba-
tion, of an excife on wine, and distil-
led spirituous liquors fold by retail and 
upon limes, lemons, and oranges; and 
also for granting Several rates and duties 
of impost, and tunnage of shipping 
[What Struggles thefe people have made 
against Settling a Salary on their gover-
nor ! How are they now SoStened 
to embrace' an excise Scheme t J 
Commodore Keppel, with his squa-
dron, arrived at Spithead from the Me-
diterrariean where he has been stationed 
above 3 years. 
In the morning was a violent wind, 
which blew down thousands of hop 
poles in Kent, and drove a Duc.h ship on 
shore, near RamSgate. 
By a number of advertisements in 
the news-papers, notice is given, that 
fairs which were used to be after the 
the ^d of Septembers arc to be held i i 
A id G id s T, 
tlays nominally later, as the Sth to be 
on the t9th, in like manner, the fairs 
of the 29sh of Septemher, are to be 
held on the loth of Octoher, and So on. 
The Britannia CaPt. Mafsan, Srom 
Leghorn, has brought the duke oS Bed-
ford a beautiful cast oS the famous mo-
del of an antienl Roman galley, which 
stands before the Villa Masters', in Rome, 
supposed to have been made a coco years 
ago.— A great curiosity! 
Several dogs having been mad this 
month, particularly about St. James's, 
occasioned orders to shoot thoie that 
appeared there ; and in fome county 
towns the justices have given like or-
ders. 
About the end of last month some 
villains took off near 400 shoes from 
harses, about Stepney fields. 
On Monday the 27th of July a bar-
ber, was hanged at Bury in Suffoll, 
who received sentence on the 25th, 
for killing his wife by beating her with 
a stick : being the second convict so 
Speedily executed according to the last 
act. 
Edirrhurgh. July 24. The whale fish-
ing company of this city being of three 
years standing, fitted out but one ship 
the first year ; and tho' she caught 
noshing, they were so far Srom being 
discouraged, that they sent out two the 
next year, and were still more unsuc-
cessful, as one of the Ships was lost, 
and the other caught nothing ; how-
ever the company's resolution was not 
to be depressed by misfortunes, for they 
sent out three shipr this year, which are 
returned with uncommon good success. 
In order to encourage this valuable 
branch of trade several ladies have or-
dered their stays, hoopr, &c. to be made 
with the whalebone brought home by 
their own shipr. 
Halisax, Nova Scotia, May 28. A 
few days since was taken in our harbuur 
a female sea monster, as big as a large 
ox, and something resembling one, co-
vered with short hair of a brownish co-
lour, the 1ttin near one inch and half 
thick, very loose and rough, the neck 
shtck and short, resembling that os a 
VOL. IV. 
bull, the head fmall in proportion to 
the body, and very like a crocodile ; 
in the u taper law were two teeth of a-
boutteii inches long, and crooked down-
wards, the legs very short and thick, 
ending with fins and claws like thole of 
a sea turtle ; the flesh and inwards be-
ing cut up resembled thofe of an ox or 
horse. 
Boston, in New England, July 30. The 
2d of J.sne was esbserved, as a day of 
fasting and rarayer, thotighout this pro-
vince, on account of the fmail pox. 
and other malignant diseases.—Oar ge-
neral assembly have granted 6ooh Sor 
the reiif of the poor of she town ot 
Boston under their present distress, occa-
sioned by the said distemper 
Several hundred German protestants, 
from Hollandare arrived in the eastern 
parts of the province, in order to settle 
there. 
'|'N consequence of the experiment 
lately made in France pursuant to 
Mr. Franklin's doctrine of thunder 
and lightning, and hia Suggestion of 
drawing off gradually the electri-
cal fire from clouds by pointed bars 
we erected an apparatus at the top of 
St. John's Gate very like that defutibed 
in the last Magazine p. 66. Wedirese 
diiy August i 2, Srom about one till 
three in the afternoon there fell Some 
Small showers oS rain, without any 
Sound or appearance of thunder orlight-
ning, during which the apparatus was 
So strongly electrified, that Sparks were 
drawn at the distance of more than t^a 
inch from the plumet at the end 
of a defcending wire supported on Silk 
within doors, arid the stroke jarred from 
the fingers end up to the shoulder. Mr. 
J. Canton, F. R. S. who had sound the 
experiment to Succeed once beSore, did 
So again this day, at his academy, in 
Spita/ Fieldi ; and Mr. Benj. ^dyon be-
ing at the Same time near Che/msfordy 
and unprovided of a proper apparatus, 
bethought himself of sticking a piece of 
a curtain rod into the moutli of a gl ria 
buttle, which he held in one he 
staaling on the ground in a. maiden, 
A a ^ .and 
^AGA^I^E tof MAGA^l^ES, 
and presenting a finger of tbe other 
hand to the rod, drew Sparks from it. 
On this occasion we recommend to all 
gentlemen who take the laudable pains 
of keeping meteorological journals, 
that they would be diligent in watch-
ing what Sort os clouds do chiefly af-
fect the machine, and Send their obser-
vations to be communicated to the pub-
lic. It'is easy to annex two little bells 
to the wire of the machine, with a 
clapper between, which without fur-
ther trouble will giyc notice when it ts 
electrified. Mr. Watkins, at Sir lf Aete^-
ton's Head Charing Crest keeps them, to 
sell, so prepared. 
A List oS Births for the Year 1752. 
Auo. u| Ady Caroline, wifeoS 
I, James Peachey, Esq ; 
groom oS the bedchambcr to the prince 
of Wales, delivered oS a daughter. 
Lady of' lad. Geo. Manners, of 
a son. 
—— of Wm. Harvey oSChigwell, 
ESq ; member for Efl'ex.— of a daugh-
ter-^ ^ 
17. ViSts. Galloway,—of a son. 
1. N. S. The Empress Gueen,— 
of an Archdutchess, who was baptized 
next morning, the king and queen of 
France being Sponsors by proxy. 
A Lift of Martiages for the Year 1^52. 
July Eo. James Williams, Filq; 
^^ was married to Miss 
Bertie, one of the daughters of she late 
Csfs. of' Coventry. 
Auo. I.John Gale of Whitehaven, 
Cumberland, Esq: •• to Miis Wil-
son, daughter of Tho. WtlSon of Bard-
Sey Hall, latneashire, IaSq ; 2o,oeaol. 
Mr. Finchley, Sugar merchant in 
Me.orfields.—^—- to Miss loraithwaite, 
i 2 coal. 
Rich. Dovmham of l.inctrln's Inn, 
Esq;—to MiSs Gravett of P^rliament-
str. iooool. 
5. Mn. Isaac Meralez da Costa of 
Golden Square,— —to Mils Lamego 
oSSt. Mary Ave. 
Rich. Barker of Cl.iSwick, Esq ;—to 
the reitct of Gem Flislli^ •. 
Dr. de la Cour of St. Mary Axe,-^ 
to Mils Gideon oS Iancoin's-lnn-field^. 
8. Ralph Ashetarn of Overdale, Lara-
calhire,—to Miss Hulls oS Canon-str. 
Capt. Sloper,—to the youngest 
daughter ofLd chieS Justice Willes. 
to. lfrael Wilks, jnti. Fisq; to the 
daughter os Josias de Ponthieu, Efo ; 
merclit. 
Mr. Delorosses as ChiSwiok, to Miss 
RolleS oS windfor, 3ool. per Ann. 
1 2 —Fettvplace, Esq; to the Hon. 
MiSs Howe, daughter of Lady Howe. 
13. Samuel Edwards, ESq; to Miss 
Sarah .Mathews of Enfield. 
15. Sir John Peachy, Bart. Member 
for Midhurst, to the only daughter of 
John Meres Fagge of Giinlev, Susses. 
Esq ; 
17. Walter JohnSon of Spalding, 
Lincolnshire, Esq ; to one of the co-
heii esses of Tho. Fairfax, Eiq ; ofihe 
same county. 
2 i . Henry GibSon of Worcestershire. 
Efq ; to Miss Sarah V. ilhatns of Ken-
sinoton. . .a ^ 
Henry Cornish Henly of Leigh, 
Somersetshire, Esq ; to Miss HoSle, 
30,ooo l. 
24. Mr. Nlartyn of ldncoln's Inn, 
to Miss Weller ot" Bloomsbury-Squaie, 
20,00o 1. 
AList of D E A t is s sor the Year r 75a. 
Jisly 29- Fv. Mr. MatoaasGibbin at 
Birch, near Colchester. 
Essex, and rector oS that place above 3o 
years. A man not only esteemed by 
bis parish, as an excellent preacher, a 
pious and tender pastor os his flock a 
but greatly beloved by the neighbour-
ing clergy and gentlemen, for his po-
lite and entertaining conversation : His 
genius, which was naturally elevated 
and strong, was much improved by his 
travels into France, Italy und other 
countries, with Mr. Addison. Tbe ob-
servations which be made as a traveller, 
he .digested into rules oS practice, as ^ 
proteltane divine. a Sound Scholar, and 
a true Briton ; so that bis death may 
be truly said to be a public loss.— 1 las 
wortby gentleman was cus ate os Grave-
A IS G 8 T, IJ^ 
Send, in Kent, in 1715; when the 
Dutch troops which came over to quell 
the Preston rebellion, quarter'd there, 
and the officers requested of Mr. Gib-
bin the use of his church on Sunday 
morning, for their chaplain to preach 
to their Soldiers; alledging, that the 
like savour had been granted them in 
every parish in England, where they 
had bern quartered on Sunday, and 
promising that their chaplain should 
begin at six in -the morning, that their 
Service might not interfere with that of 
the town. The request was granted, 
the chaplain preached, and his congre-
gation was dismissed hefore nine o'clock. 
But the late Dr. Atterbury, tbe Bishop 
of Rochester was fo incensed at this 
prophanation (as he stiled it) of the 
church, by the Dutch preshyterian 
worship, that he immediately SuSpend-
ed Mr. Gibbin This Suspension was 
however deemed So injurious by 
the town oS Gravesend, that they 
lublcribed a sum to Mr. Gibbin, 
more than double the income of his 
church ; and the fact being represented 
to his late majesty, he gave him the 
rectory ol North-fleet in l^ent ; which 
living Mr. Gibbin afterwards exchang-
ed Sor Bircb in Essex. 
F.llicot Willis, M. A. rector as 
Blechely near Fenny Stratford, Bucks ; 
a Son ofBrowne Willis, Esq 
Aug, 2. John Cartridge, M. D. in 
she 8tst year of his age. By will, he 
has disposed oS his estates in the follow-
ing manner: 
To Barbara Chamberlain, Spinster 5oo 
Th. Marlton, W. Smishfield, to-
—bacconist 1o5 
^-Mrs and MiSs Marlton, 5ol. each 100 
— Jn Turner, Sadler in Wond-street 1o5 
•—Mrs Turner, and her 2 daugh. 
50 1. each 15o 
•—Francis Crump, goldSmith 1 oo 
^-Godfrey Copley oS Derbyshire 1 00 
—the Society Sor propagating the 
gospel ^ i ooo 
—the charity Schoul as Cripplegate 
within 3oo 
— ^o poor housekeeper*, 5ol.each25oo 
—50 poor young men, when their 
apprenticeships are expired, 5ol. 
each 2500 
£ 74^ 
The above legacies are to be paid with-
in i 2 kalendar months, or as much 
Sooner as conveniently may be. 
He also gives to his lanlady Martha 
Griffiths, all his furniture, except his 
books and hook-cafes. which he be-
queaths to Anthony Natt, clerk ; and 
to his esteemed Sriend Anthony Natt, 
carpenter, all his freehold and copy-
hold messuages, lands and heredita-
ments.——The rest oS his estate not 
particularly devised, he gives to chari-
table uses, at the discretion of his exe-
cutors, Mr. Marleton, and Mr. Turner, 
ahovementioned. 
3. Sir John Bofwortb, Knt. late 
chamberlain of this city ; at Epsom. 
Wm. Whitaker, Esq ; alderman os 
Lime-street ward. 
Major Frankland, of Ligonier's dra-
goons. 
4. Tho. Ewen, Esq ; a brewer at 
Cambridge, worth 6o,o00 I. 
to. Sir Henry Penrice, Knt. late 
judge of the high court of Admiralty, 
chancellor of the diocese of Gloucester. 
and official of the archdeacony oS Mid-
dlesex, worth i 5o,ooo 1. left to his wise 
and daughter. 
At Rotterdam ; Sir Walter Sensors. 
Knt, possessed of ahove boo,ooo l- in 
our funds. 
11. Rich. Verney, Lord Willotigh-
by de Broke ; he is succeeded by his 
nephevv, John Peyto Verney, Esq; on-
ly son of the late master of the Rolls ^ 
a minor. 
lad. Gissord, only Son of the M. of 
Tweedale. 
12. Tho. Cooke, Esq; a director of 
the Bank, and one os the trustees of Sir 
John Morden'S college, Blackheatby 
aged So ; a gentleman of extensive cha-
rity.—Agreeable to his own directions. 
he was attended to the grax*e by i 2. 
poor house-keepers, belonging to a be1c 
club at Newington, Surry, of which 
.a a -a hu 
he had long been a generons and use-
ful member t they were each bequea-
thed a guinea and a Suit of cloatha, and 
as much victuals and drink as thev 
would have y but if any of them ap-
peared to be itidcSled aster his inter-
ment, they forfeited his legacy, and 
were only to have half a crown for 
their days work.—His corpse was wrap-
ped in a clean blanket, Sew ld up, and 
being put into a common coShn, was 
conveyed, with the above attendants 
in taste coaches, to the grave at Mor-
den college, when the corpr was taken 
out of the coffin anel buried in a wind-
ing Sheet, according to the Fastern cus-
tom. The caoffili was left in the col-
lege for the first pensioner it would fit, 
In France; Cofino George, D. of 
Gordon, Marquis and Earl : of Hunt-
ley, and Baron of Strathbugv, one of 
the 16 peers of Scotland, and Rnt. of 
the order of St. Andrew ; he is suc-
ceeded by his eldest ton, a minor. 
Eldest Son of Sir Bobert Rich. 
15. Tho. Boothby of Tooley Park, 
Leicestershire, Esq; one of the greatest 
sportfrn en an England. 1 
Aurengzebe Hatfield, Efq; of York-
fliire. 
16. Captain Allen Forstet, who 
servld in the horfe-guarda in K. Wthis. 
reign. . - •' 
Countess of Egmont, at Charlton, 
Kent. 'P • • 
18. At Calvinstowm, in the County 
of Ki Ida re, Mr. John Coule, aged 112. 
He was born in France, and bred up 
a prorestant, but forced into t he French 
army oS Lewis KIV. and served three 
campaigns in Flanders, then went mto 
the Dutch service, and came to Ireland, 
under D. Schomberg. enlisted ander 
K. Wm. and distinguished himself in 
most of the battles against K James II. 
for Yvhich he was weil rewarded ; then 
quitted the army and took a farm. He 
left 3 sons, the eldest near bo, and the 
youngest but a 2. 
2o. lad. Clinton, eldest fon ofE. os 
Lincoln. 
22. Tho. Pcarce, Esq; aged 85, 
formerly an eminent distiller in St. 
Giles's. He was father of ^achary, 
Bishop of bangor, and Wm. Pearce, 
.Esq; a brewer in Westminster. 
Rev. and learned Wm. Winston, 
M. A. Sometime professor of the ma-
thematics in the university of Cam-
bridge ; he was horn Dec. 9, 1 667, ad-
mitted a student osClare Hall in 1686, 
and chosen a fellow of that college in 
1693. In 1 7eoo he was appointed by 
Sir Isaac Newton to read lectures for 
him, and in I7o1, was, by the re-
commendation of that great philofopher, 
chosen mathemack professor on las 
own resignation, in this professorship 
he continued till 1711, during which 
time he So clearly explained the Newto-
nian philosophy iti his mathematical 
and astronomical lectures, which lie then 
published, as to introduce into she uni-
versity a noble System, which till then 
was understood but by few, and those 
deep geometricians. 
24. Mr. Gager, apothecary to his 
majesty. 
25. Gabriel Johnston, Esq; barrister 
at law and clerk os the errors in the 
Common, Pleas. 
Jn. Maireof Lartington, Yorkshire, 
ESq; age 8a-
A L1 ST of PREFERMENTS for the 
Year 1752. 
Apt. Timothy Nucella, appointed 
commander ofthe Hind, 2oguns. 
(not Capt. Faulkner, as iti our last.) 
Stanhope Afpinwall, FSq ;—— he 
majesty's agent and consul general at 
Algiers. 
Henry Hastings, Esq;— roughecrot^ 
pursuivant at arms. (Pomfiet, dtast 
Mr. Abraham Browne,—one of 
majesty*s musicians in ordinary • 
Mr. Pulhill,—-master caulker as 
Woolwich. 
Mr. W ikes,—master mast maktt 
at ditto. 
From the LonnoN GAZETTE 
P^HE bishop os Down and Connca 
I translated to she Archbishops^ 
ofCashel. 
Dr. Robert DoWhe, lord bishop ast 
Leaghhe-
.^P A D G Id 8 T, 
Leighlin and Fernes,— to she Bishop-
rick of Downe and Connor. 
Dr. John Garnet, promoted to she 
united Buhoprick os Leighlin and Femes. 
Rev. Richard Hancock,—to the 
deanery of Achonry in Ireland. 
Bra. a. of Mortality from July aa. to Aug. 
Buried 
Males , 
Females day o 
Under a Years old ^ 
Between a and ^ a^ 
^ and ro—. 4^ 
ao and ao— ;s 
ao and ;o— He; 
^o and 40a— aoa 
40 arid ;o—rear 
po and ^to— slt 
^o and -o— ^et 
^o and ao— la 
ao and ^o-— ay 
po and r oo— a 
aoo and ro^— a 
1114 
Christened 
Males e^ry ^r24a 
Females e^ 
Buried. 
Within che walls 
Withe. the w alls ^ ro 
Mid.andSurrv ^ti 
City ^ Sub, W' est. a^4 
1^,4 
Weekly Aug, 4- ^ 
sr. ^o 
ays 
FOREIGN AFFAl R S. 
TURKEY. 
Constantinople, July 15. 
^T^H E deposition of the grand vi-
zit, and the aga of the Janissaries, 
who are both banished, has beeen fol-
lowed by that of the chief eunuch of 
she Seraglio, who had sound out she 
way to ingrols the whole Savour of the 
Sultan : who convinced that unless he 
gave him up to punishment, an insur-
rection would ensue from the rage of 
his exasperated subjects, cauSed his 
head to be struck off—There were 
Sound in his possession, upwards os26 
millions of dollars in Specie, which is 
full six millions sterling : hesides a large 
quantity of diamonds, jewels, &c, to 
a very great value, which were all 
Seized and carried to the grand Seignior *s 
treasury. 
RUSSIA. 
Petersburg, July 11. N. S. The 
emprels being Sensibly touched with the 
deplorable situation which a great part 
of the inhabitants of Moscow, are re-
duced to by the late sires, has ordered 
ioo,ooo rubles to be distributed a-
mong thera- to enable them to rebuild 
their houses. 
We have had Several fires lately, 
which had no bad consequences. A 
mutiny that lately happened in the 
neighbourhood os Moscow, is at length 
brought to a bloody period : two de-
tachments oS troops came up with the 
rioters, Surtounded them, cut most of 
them to pieces, and took the rest pri-
soners. 
DENMARK. 
The king, to encourage the Frist 
India company, ^lras made them a pre-
sent oS a ship oS war, witb all her 
tackling, guns, &c. valued at above 
6o,ooo crowns.— An officer oS the ma-
rine, who has been three times in Green-
land, has delivered to the principal mi-
nisters of the navy, his reasons (sup-
ported by the opinion' of Several mari-
ners that uSe Davis's straights, and the 
inhabitants oS the Danish colony there) 
Sor an open and short passage into the 
South Seas, Srom the head of Bastin's 
bay ; but they are not permitted t^s 
publish them. 
SWEDEN 
The culture of tobacco has of late' 
been greatly encouraged in this king-
dom. It is manufactured already in 
three townships. 
We are debating, whether or no we 
shall Send a fleet of loo ships, agreeable 
to a stipulation with Great Britain, in 
a former treaty, upon the herring fishe-
ry on the coasts oS Shetland which arti-
cle our politicians affirm is still in full 
force. 
On the 3 1st of July, at Skelleffen, in 
she western Bothnia, wind at S. W. fell 
a prodigious shower of bail, many of 
the stones being as large as hens eggs. 
A thing very extraordinary in these coal 
climates. 
GERMAN Y. 
Ber/in, August 9. His majesty's at-
tention, has been to increase the inha-
bitants oS his dominions, and an atl-
thentick account Srom Pomcranin, shevust 
the happy conSequences oS it. From 
1746, the country makes quite another 
appearance, these being above fro new 
villages, with well cultivated lands, the 
work of. near 6ooo industrious emi-
grants, encouraged by a bountiful 
prince-
Hanover, Aug. 25. The earl oSHinde 
ford arrived here yesterday, and repair-
ed immediately to Heresrherastn, where 
be was received by the king with great 
distinction.—Before his denature from 
Vienna, the Empress presented him with 
a diamond ring, and the Emperor w ith 
his picture let in diamonds. 
ITALY. 
Rome, July 24. A treasure has been 
found on the estate of Passer amo, which 
belongs to prince Pallavicini.' A pea-
sant perceiving his plough to strike 
deeper than ordinary, stopt to view the 
hole, and found Several pieces of gold 
in an urn which the plough had braoket 
r upon which he left his work, and fpent 
two or three days in cartying this trea-
sure to his house ; but being in haste to 
pot off the strange coin, the Secret was 
blown. He could not refuse to tell fome 
of his neighbours how he came by it : 
and other peasanta going to the spot 
and digging a little deeper, found more 
l ' of the Same coin, which is stamped 
with the effigy of the emperor Justini-
an, as appears by the infeription ; the 
government ordered the peasants to be 
i taken into custody as soon as they were 
informed of the affair ; things found in 
this manner being the property os the 
strongest according to custom, tho* not 
according to equity. 
An irteconcileable difference seems 
, to have happened betwixt the preten-
der and his Son, cardinal 7ork, who is 
retired into a convent, because his fa-
ther svill not discard Some persons who 
have too much influence over him. 
PORTUGAL. 
Since his present majesty's accession, 
the affairs of this kingdom have put 
on a new face ; our regiments are re-
cruited, our fortifications repaired and 
l enlarged, and the marine augmented, 
several new men of war and Srigates 
a being actually on the stocks. 
I.ishon, July 3l. On the 24th last. 
^ome fishermen presented to the king, 
a sturgeon weighing 42 a pounds, caught 
in the Tagus. His majesty ordesd i 5o 
ducats to them as a reward. 
FRANCE. 
Paris, Ares.. A very odd affair 
h as happened here, which, it is thought, 
will have considerable consequences. 
Our archbishop demanded oS the prao-
vost of tube merchants (refembhng she 
office of lord mayor) a larger quantity 
of water to be laid asto his palace. 
That magistrate, desirous to oblige 
him, called a common-council, in 
which, though it appeared that the 
archbishop had the same quantity wish 
which his predeeeffors have been con-
tent, a minute' was nevertheless made, 
that it should be increased to near an 
inch ; that is, that he Should have as 
much water as a pipe of an inch bure 
will run in a day ; and which is as 
as much as is allowed to a prince ofthe 
blood. The town clerk was ordered 
to carry a copy os this minute to the 
archbishop, who having read it, tore 
it to pieces, rulob'd it under the town 
clerk's nose, and Said, with great in-
dignation, ' There's your city's inch.' 
The common-council being acquaint-
ed with this, ordered the minute to be 
erased ont of their hooks, and an ac-
count thereof to be laid before his ma-
The commission for determining the 
questions in dispute between the parlia-
ment and clergy, hashitherto done but 
little, and as the king issues arrets 
fometimes in favour of the clergy, and 
sometimes in favour of the parliament, 
the differences are not like to be foon 
accommodated, nor the public tran-
quillity restored. 
Notwithstanding the vigorous order 
lately given by the king, to hinder his 
protestant Subjects from going out of his 
kingdom, great numbers retire to 
Switzerland, Srom LangueaLe and Dau-
phiny ; many have also fled to Ireland 
Jersey, the British colonies in America 
and no inconsiderable number to Plasties. 
It is true, they run infinite riSques be-
Sorethey can reach the frontiers, and the 
guards, last week, stopped near 3o os 
these 
J^r A G G Id 8 T, 17^. 
these confciencieous people on the road, 
who were committed to prison. 
The 2oth instant Te Deum was Sung 
in the chapel royal, Sor the dauphin's 
recovery ; their majesties, the dauplai-
neSS, and the princesses of France, as-
sisting at it. 
T^e MONTHLY ^ATALO^UE. 
Tasroeooy. 
1.^'Orr.emotivea and inoeraeives to the soye of 
. y tiodi In a letter to a friend By the 
Hon. Robert Boyle. 2s. strven. 
Orta raeriaa. 
a. Differtatio pla soing'rea de linger Hebr-ae 
natalabus punctisqraeyerC.ilibeas ad cam deacendam 
difcendamque Sunrme neeoftariis. Edrdit Joan-
nes Gaal. Kals, V. D. M. a^. nd. Baldwin. 
GbSerxatiesns oar Tacitus. By Thomas 
Hunter, Vicar of Garstang, Lancathire. 4s. 
4. A Syllabus of the contents. and order of 
a course of lectures on th- aerimal ere em my. 
with the introductaats- lecture. By Malcolm 
Flemsng. M. D. Mdlar and 
'An enquiry into tire medicinal virtues of 
Bath water. and tho indications of eure. By 
George Randolph, M, D. as. Noyeyje. 
Ma soec e A Nscus. 
tl. Memorial ofxteSS Taaffe and Montague, 
a^aiaast Payba and Pierre. as. nd. ^obenim. 
y. Memorial of Payba, against T aaffe and 
Mcmtagaae. ss. Od 
a. Remarks on the Sentence in favour of 
E— W—— M—, and T— T—> 
Efqrs. eCd JSheser, 
Tire family history, In numbers, price 
41. ^wen. 
ro. A letter from a Hutcheaosonian to his 
friend, nd. Balduern. 
r a . A narrative of the affair between Simons 
the jew and Afhly ts. Clay. 
ra. An authentic^ acount of Sarah Pledge 
and Anne Whale, executed at Horsham sor the 
poisoning of James Whale. nd. Cinder.— 
It appears thar Soon after Wha'e and hi. wit'e 
were married. took lodgings in the fame Sroule 
wieb Pledge and his wife. Whale and Pledge's 
wife hiving qnaeresl'd, W'haie forbid her his 
room, but the two women being still intimate, 
determined to get rid eaf him : For the. pur-
pose Pled re, the woman. first attempted to 
poison bim by roasting spiders to^ut in his 
beert but his wife relenting wh-n atse was a-
bcatat o administer them, Scene white mee carry 
saas alterwardr procured by bias. P'edge. and 
^bale's wise. and mixing it with hasty pud-
ding. white Ire was intently gazing on his 
daild, he eat at. aard died w.thira a few houes. 
I The tlauSes in the will ofDr. Cartridge 
relating to the money he hat left tar charitable 
^seir ad half. 
14- Memoirs illustrating the manners erf tho 
poeSent age. By M. Dtados. a vols. t^s. Dad-
Sly, Stiniegiae, 'sr-rfor^-
i^. The Impertinent, printed (in the man-
ner of the Rambler,^ for J. Bta^uet. pr. ad To 
have been contarwsed every Thorlday.—— Of 
this piece. sir. Hill in his SnSpoctor of tho 
Tuesday following, lays, ^ Of aH tho periodi-
cal pieces Set arp in vain during tho last ra 
months, S shail mention toady the emost pert, the 
mostpreterading. ands^ert treed of any. Shave 
in vam sent to Mr. Bouquet for the Second 
number of the 1 There must have 
hern iudgu^ixat lrpeeiot even ro curiosity, in 
the sentence passed on this a^su.arng piece. and 
the nubliek deServes applause of the highest kind, 
for having crushed iee the bud so threaening a. 
miSchief. It will be in vain to accuse the 
town either of patronizing drdlnofe. or sllaeture. 
while this instance can he produced in which 
a load of persmd Satire enuSd not procure 
prrrc Irasers enough to promote a second numher. 
It will nest be eat y to lay ton much in laveoaae 
of that candotrr, which has resetted, and dspS 
ed a piece that cruelty and unjustly attack'd 
Mr.Smart, ere."— This character of the i sea-
port inert, and account of its reception. howe-
ver quaint, and innaeurate the expreffroaos as 
they are indisputably just. eingbt be thought 
a fulftcient gratiheataaen of pailsliak curiosity ; 
bur there is yet an interesting annecdote behind 
with which " the world ba. re righ to be so 
" quainted't,—The man who thus r-Senrs the 
cruet treatment of Ms. Smart iar tho Inspector, 
and he who thus cruelly treated him in the 
Impertinent, is known to be the Same. The 
worthy and ingenious Dr. Hill, who every day 
obliges the world with a mo al, or a philoso-
phical eflay ; and on Saturday with a lecture 
on religion, is tho Scribler who publith'd tire 
leosd efperseual abofe, that excited the indigna-
tion of the public, and prodeaced the most pert, 
esseemirg andsinrt lined of all tho periodical pie-
ces which have lately appoared, and ii, this 
abuScand pertneSs, he would probably hao-
perSastcdtill the work had Swell'd to a volume; 
but that the contempt, and indigratian with 
which hie attempt was treated discourag'd him 
fream risking the rrecetlary expearre of paper: 
and printing. and induced him tojoiu in the 
poblaok cenbrae, us a derected felorr. w hea a he 
as pur tried, cries our Stop thief, aaad hopes to 
cScaaoe in the ctcaad that soliow. lt-m. 
re^. All the acts of parliament pasted in the 
a^th year of the reivn of his prefent majeSly ; 
alio an abstract of tho Same 'Corral. 
Po^racar, 
ay. An ode peaform'd at the Senate HeouSe. 
Cambeielge, at the installation of the Duke of 
Newcastle, The words by Mr. Mafon ; the 
snathe by Dr. Boyce. a I. is. 
a a Slocal melady, book IV. By Mr. Ar.ae. 
^s. Wa'sh. 
r^. The Sports of the mules. a vols. ^s. 
Coop.r. ao. The court of t^ueen ?alab. ^s. Coopr. 
ar. A collection of fongsfung at thepobliok 
gardens. book Hi. zs Oswald. 
az. The hours of love ; four elegies. is. 
Saatoao^is. 
The temporal encouragement and reward 
of charing. A Seem cm on the anniversary of 
Archbishop Whitgift's charitable foundation of 
the hospital at Croydon. By Nathaniel Collier, 
M. A. vicar of Croydon. nd. Darn's. 
Z4. The christian's triumph aftar death. A 
funeral sermon for Dr. Doddrige. By lob, 
Orton. nd. il^igh. 
^e d^OH^ ^OF IRELAND 
Aug. 4. ^HE Franchises oS the Ci-
ty ol Dublin were rode 
according to .Custom, by the Lord 
Mayor and Corporations ol the City, 
with great regularity and grandeur. 
6. The Parliament ol this Kingdom, 
which stood prorogued to Tuesday the 
1 1th ol this instant, was further pro-
rogued by Proclamation to the 5th 
Day of April next. 
8. The largest Seizure of run Goods, 
that hath been made for Some time, 
was brought to his Majesty's Stores by 
Islr. Weston, Surveyor of Skerries, viz. 
400olb. of Leaf, and 8oolb. of Roll 
Tobacco, with a large quanity os 
Brandy and other Liquors. 
MARRIAGES. 
5. Captain Samuel Beaver, to Ma-
rv Daughter of the late—Sherigley, 
^ Esq;—i6. John Mc.Naghten os Bell-
bardin County Antrim, Esq; to Mary 
youngest Daughter of the late Rev. 
Dr. Richard Daniel, Dean of Downe. 
—a2. George Leslie Montgomerry, 
Efq; to Hannah, Daughter os Natha-
lies Clements, Esq; 
DEATHS. 
1. Mrs. Phillis Harrison, Widow of 
the late William Harrison, ESq; Com-
missioner os the Revenue, and alfo Re-
lict of Mr. Justice Nutley.—4. Theo-
bald Mandeville ofthe County of Tip-
perary, Esq. by a Sail from nis Horse 
—7. Of an Apoplexy, in the 7orh 
^Ct^ of his Age, Richard Morgan, 
Efq; Second Remembrancer of the 
Court of Exchequer —t4. Rev. Han-
over Sterling, Bector of Loughrew, 
and Canon of the Cathedral of Kildare 
—15. Mr. John Couse of Colvirstown 
County Kildare, Farmer, a Native of 
Languedoc, att.— i 26.— 16. At his 
Lordship's Seat of Charlton in Kent, 
the Right Hon. the Countess of Egmont. 
— Mrs. Whyte, Wife to Mark Whyte, 
of Bride street, Esq;—t9. Henry D'E(-
terre of Rofsmanaber County Clare, 
Esq;—The Lord Moore, eldest Son to 
the Bight Hon. the Earl os Drogheda, 
at Thoulouse in France.—27. Mrs 
Elizabeth Wallet, Relict of Colonel 
Waller of Castletown County of Li-
merick, Lsq;— 28. Rev. Samuel Sim-
cocks, Warden of Galway. 
PROMOTIONS. 
14. Mr. James Dover, Woollen-
Draper, chosen Sword-Bearer to the 
City of Dublin.—13. Thomas Eyre. 
Efq; appointed Surveyor General os 
his Majesty *s Works, on t he Resignatt-
ol Arthur Jones Nevil, Esq; 
At the monthly Repetition at Char-
leville School for the month of August, 
1752; Masters Yohverton, Win. Ry^, 
Beevin, Collis, Jno. Ryan, Giles Powell, 
Purdon, Hen. Mann, Jess Bunhury, Cast 
fin, Wm. Masty, Jof Gahheit, Richaios 
Hickman, Jno. Evans, Drew, Croker, 
Dillon, and Tboma.' Smyth, distinguish-
ed themselves in their respective Classes,